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Avodah Zarah Chart #2

Avodah Zarah Daf 22a-24b

RESOLVING THE CONTRADICTION BETWEEN THE MISHNAH AND TOSEFTA REGARDING BUYING AN ANIMAL FROM A NOCHRI FOR USE AS A KORBAN
  (A)
WE MAY NOT PARK AN ANIMAL IN AN INN OF A NOCHRI(1) 		(B)
WE MAY BUY AN ANIMAL FROM A NOCHRI FOR USE AS A KORBAN(2)
1) RAV (22b) This refers to a Jewish-owned animal This refers to a Nochri-owned animal(3)
2) RAVINA(5) (23a) This is the law l'Chatchilah This is the law b'Di'eved(4)
3) REBBI PEDAS(5)
(23a) 		This is the opinion of Rebbi Eliezer This is the opinion of the Rabanan(6)
4) REBBI YOCHANAN
(24b) (according to Tosfos)(7)		 This refers to an animal over three years old(8) This refers to an animal less than three years old
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FOOTNOTES:
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 (1) This Halachah applies even in a place where the common practice is to sell animals (Behemah Dakah) to Nochrim (see 14b), according to the conclusion of the Gemara (ibid.). This is because we are more stringent with regard to an animal owned by a Jew than with an animal owned by a Nochri (see below, footnote #3, and Insights to 22:1).
(2) This Halachah applies even in a place where the common practice is not to sell animals (Behemah Dakah) to Nochrim (see 14b), according to Tosfos (22b, DH u'Reminhi) and many other Rishonim. This is because no common practice (Minhag) was ever established not to *buy a Korban* from a Nochri (since, as Tosfos explains, such a restriction would be overly burdensome for the Jews). (See Insights to 23:1.)
(3) The Nochri is suspected of Revi'ah with animals owned by Jews (since he thinks that we do not suspect him of such acts and he is confident that he will not get caught). However, he is *not* suspected of Revi'ah with animals that belong to him (or to his fellow Nochri), since Revi'ah causes most animals to become sterile. He does not want to cause that damage to his animals, nor does he want to cause such damage to the animal of another Nochri, since the other Nochri will immediately suspect him of a misdeed (Gemara, 22b).
(4) Buying an animal for use as a Korban is considered to be a "b'Di'eved" situation with regard to this Halachah, as explained in the Insights to 23:1.
(5) Both Ravina and Rebbi Pedas agree that it is permitted to sell animals (Behemah Dakah) to Nochrim in a place where that is the common practice. We do not prohibit selling the animal out of fear that the Nochri will be Rove'a the animal (causing the Jew to transgress "Lifnei Iver"), since the Nochri does not want to harm his own animal by causing it to become sterile. Nevertheless, with regard to buying an animal from a Nochri to use as a Korban, Ravina and Rebbi Pedas hold that we are stringent with regard to a Korban and do not permit its purchase based on the above logic. (Alternatively, we suspect that the Nochri might be Rove'a it right before he sells it to the Jew.) Tosfos 22b (and 23a); see Insights there).
(6) Tosfos (22a, DH Ein) writes that the Halachah follows the view of the Rabanan, who are lenient. Therefore, we are permitted to park animals at the inn of a Nochri. (See Insights.)
(7) This is according to Tosfos. According to Rashi, though, we may not park an animal at an inn of a Nochri even when the animal is less than three years old. This is because the Nochri will still be Rove'a the animal, since it belongs to a Jew and the Nochri does not care if the Jew's animal becomes sterile (see Insights to 24:4:b). According to Rashi, Rebbi Yochanan will answer the contradiction between the Mishnah and the Tosefta the same way as one of the three other Amora'im.
(8) When the animal is more than three years old, it usually does not become sterile as a result of Revi'ah. (Nevertheless, Revi'ah does occasionally cause such an animal to become sterile; see Insights to 24b.)

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