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1) NO'ACH WAS NOT A "TEREIFAH"

(a) Question: Perhaps No'ach was a Treifah!
(b) Answer #1: This cannot be, the Torah calls him "Tamim".

1. Question: Perhaps it means, he was Tamim (pure) in his ways!
2. Answer: We know that from the fact that he is called a Tzadik.
3. Question: Perhaps it means, he was Tamim in his ways and Tzadik in his deeds!

(c) Answer #2: Surely No'ach was not a Treifah, the Torah would not say "Itach", to bring specifically animals that are Treifah!
(d) Question: Since "Itach" excludes a Treifah, what do we learn from "Lechayos Zera"?
(e) Answer: If it only said "Itach", one might have thought, the animals are merely to accompany the people, and old or castrated animals are acceptable - "Lechayos Zera" teaches, they must be fitting to reproduce.

(a) Question: The three days that it is forbidden to (Rashi - buy from or) sell to Nochrim, does this include the day of the festival or not?
(b) Answer #1 (Mishnah - R. Yishmael): Three days before and three days after are forbidden.

1. If three days includes the day of the festival, R. Yishmael counts the day of the festival twice!

(c) Rejection: Really, it includes the day of the festival; he taught 'three days after' for parallel structure to 'three days before'.
(d) Answer #2 (Rav Tachlifa bar Avdimi): According to R. Yishmael, one may never do business with Nochrim that celebrate Yom Rishon;

1. If three days includes the day of the festival, Wednesday and Thursday are permitted!

(e) Rejection: Surely, R. Yishmael forbids three days in addition to the day of the festival; the question is according to Chachamim.
(f) Answer #3 (Ravina - Mishnah): These are the festivals (before which business is forbidden for three days): Kalanda, Satroniya, and Kartsim...;

1. (Rav Chanin bar Rava): Kalanda is an eight-day festival before the Tekufah of Teves (the shortest day of the year), Satroniya is an eight-day festival after the Tekufah.

i. A way to remember this is "Achor va'Kedem Tzartani" (the latter festival is listed first in the Mishnah).

2. If 'three days' includes the day of the festival, then regarding eight-day festivals, the Mishnah should say that 10 days are forbidden!

(g) Rejection: The Tana considers the whole festival like one day, so he says that three days are forbidden.
(h) Answer #4 (Rav Ashi - Mishnah): Three days before their festivals...

1. If 'three days' includes the festival, the Tana should mention that the festivals themselves are forbidden, e.g. 'The festivals: three days are forbidden...' (Rather, the Tana does not explicitly teach the festivals themselves, only the three previous days, we know the festivals themselves from a Kal va'Chomer).
2. Question: Perhaps he taught 'Three days before their festivals' to teach that the days after are permitted!
3. Rejection: To do so, he could have said 'The festivals: three days before them...'
4. Conclusion: The three days do not include the festival.

(a) Question: Why is it forbidden to do business with them?

1. Are we concerned for Harvachah (Rashi - if they profit, they will thank their idolatry, the Yisrael transgresses "Lo Yishama Al Picha" by causing them to mention the idolatry; R. Tam - if the Nochri has more animals, he is more likely to offer to idolatry)?
2. Or, is the concern that by selling something that the Nochri will offer to idolatry, the Yisrael transgresses "V'Lifne Iver Lo Siten Michshol" (by enabling him to sin)?
3. Question: What difference does it make?
4. Answer: If the Nochri already has an animal; 'Lifne Iver' does not apply, but Harvachah does.
5. Question: Is it really true that 'Lifne Iver' does not apply when he has his own animal?

i. (Beraisa - R. Noson) "V'Lifne Iver Lo Siten Michshol" forbids extending wine to a Nazir or a limb from a living animal to a Nochri.

ii. Even though the Nazir or Nochri could take it himself, one who gives him transgresses!

6. Answer: The case is, he is on the other side of a river, he cannot reach it himself.

i. Support: The Beraisa mentions extending it to him, not 'giving' it.

(a) Question: If one (Rashi - bought from or) sold to Nochrim before the festival, may he benefit from the (item or) money?
(b) Answer #1 (R. Yochanan): No.
(c) Answer #2 (Reish Lakish): Yes.
(d) Version #1 Question (R. Yochanan - Beraisa): If one (bought from or) sold to Nochrim at festival time, he may not benefit from the (item or) money.

1. Suggestion: This means if one (bought or) sold before the festival.

(e) Answer: No, it means if he sold on the festival.
(f) Version #2 Question (Reish Lakish - Beraisa): If one (bought or) sold on the festival, he may not benefit from it.

1. Suggestion: This only applies on the festival, not before it.

(g) Answer: No, when the Tana says 'the festival', this also refers to the days before it.
(h) Support (for Reish Lakish - Beraisa): The prohibition to (buy and) sell only pertains to things that will last (until the festival), not perishables;

1. Even things that will last, it one (bought or) sold, it is permitted.

(i) (Rav Zvid - Beraisa): Something that will not last we may sell to Nochrim, we may not buy it (Rashi; R. Tam - receive such a gift) from them.

(a) A Min sent the newly minted coins to R. Yehudah Nesi'ah on the day of his festival.

1. R. Yehudah Nesi'ah: If I accept them, he will thank his idolatry; if I do not accept them, he will bear enmity!
2. Reish Lakish: Throw them in a pit when he is watching.
3. R. Yehudah Nesi'ah: All the more so, he will bear enmity!
4. Reish Lakish: I meant, make it look like it was accidental.

(b) (Mishnah): To lend (objects) to them or borrow from them...
(c) Question: We understand why lending is forbidden, because of Harvachah;

1. Why is borrowing forbidden, this leaves him with less!

(d) Answer #1 (Abaye): We decree not to borrow, less one come to lend.
(e) Answer #2 (Rava): The Nochri will rejoice that the Yisrael needs him, he will thank his idolatry.
(f) (Mishnah): To lend money to them or borrow from them...
(g) Question: We understand why lending is forbidden, because of Harvachah;

1. Why is borrowing forbidden, this leaves him with less!

(h) Answer #1 (Abaye): We decree not to borrow, less one come to lend.
(i) Answer #2 (Rava): The Nochri will rejoice that the Yisrael needs him, he will thank his idolatry.
(j) (Mishnah): To repay a loan to them or collect a loan from them...
(k) Question: We understand why repaying is forbidden, because of Harvachah;

1. Why is collecting forbidden, this leaves him with less!

(l) Answer #1 (Abaye): We decree not to collect, less one repay.
(m) Answer #2 (Rava): The Nochri will rejoice that he no longer owes, he will thank his idolatry.
(n) The Mishnah must teach all these cases.

1. If it only taught (buying and) selling - one might have thought, he will thank his idolatry on account of his Harvachah, but not if we borrow objects; (Tosfos - even Abaye would not say that we decree unless the Nochri rejoices somewhat);
2. If it only taught borrowing objects - one might have thought, this makes him feel important, but borrowing money merely pains him, he fears that he will not get back his money;
3. If it only taught borrowing money - one might have thought, he is confident that he can force the Yisrael to pay back, and he rejoices now, but collecting only causes him pain.
4. We must teach that in all cases, he rejoices and will thank his idolatry.

(o) (Mishnah): R. Yehudah permits collecting loans from them, for this pains them...
(p) Question: Does R. Yehudah really argue with Chachamim, who says that even though it pains them now, it gladdens them later?!

1. Contradiction (Beraisa - R. Yehudah): A woman may not put plaster on her face on Chol ha'Mo'ed, for this is repulsive;
2. R. Yehudah admits, if she can take it off during the festival it is permitted - even though it pains her now, it gladdens her later.

(q) Answer #1 (Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak): The laws of Chol ha'Mo'ed are an exception, all exertions that that are allowed are for the sake of future enjoyment (on the festival).
(r) Answer #2 (Ravina): (R. Yehudah holds that) a Nochri is always sad that he paid.
(s) Our Mishnah is not like R. Yehoshua ben Korchah.

1. (Beraisa - R. Yehoshua ben Korchah): One may not collect (before the festival) a loan from them for which one has a document, he may collect a loan without a document, for this is saving one's money (lest he would deny it later).