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1)

(a) Why does the Beraisa permit new skin flasks of Nochrim that have not been overlaid with pitch?

(b) Does this concession extend to earthenware jars?

(c) What does the Beraisa say concerning old flasks or new ones that have been overlaid with pitch?

(a) The Beraisa discusses a case where a Nochri overlaid leather flasks with pitch and immediately poured in the wine (whilst the pitch was still hot).
Why would he do that?

(b) Under which circumstances does the Tana then permit the wine?

(c) What objection do we raise to this leniency?

(d) How does Rav Papa therefore amend the Beraisa?

(a) If it is the Yisrael who pours in the wine, why does one then need a second Yisrael to oversee the procedure?

(b) On what grounds does Rav Z'vid re-establish the Beraisa as it was presented? How can the Tana then permit the wine, as we asked earlier?

(c) What does Rav Papi extrapolate from Rav Z'vid's ruling with regard to a Nochri pouring wine into a vessel containing salt?

(d) On what grounds does Rav Ashi refute Rav Papi's proof?

(a) Who was bar Adi?

(b) What happened to the leather flasks that bar Adi forced Rebbi Yitzchak bar Yosef to give him?

(c) What did Rebbi Yirmiyah quoting Rebbi Ami rule? What would Rebbi Yitzchak bar Yosef have to do, to be permitted to use the flasks?

(d) What did Rava add? How often did he have to change the water?

(a) Commenting on the previous case, what did Ravin, who arrived from Eretz Yisrael rule in the name of Resh Lakish, in a case where the flask belonged to the Nochri to begin with (in which case it would have absorbed far more wine)?

(b) Rav Acha b'rei de'Rava thought that perhaps the lenient ruling is restricted to skin flasks, but not to earthenware casks.
Why is that?

(c) What did Rav Ashi tell him?

(a) The basic Halachah of 'Shtelling' earthenware wine casks of Nochrim in water is taught in a Beraisa.
Under which circumstances does the Tana dispense with the need of Shtelling, permitting earthenware jars to be used immediately?

(b) We ask whether this applies even Lechatchilah, or only Bedi'eved (permitting the fish juice ... that he already poured into the cask. Rav Z'vid bar Oshaya answers with a Beraisa.
What does the Beraisa say?

7)

(a) What did Rebbi Ami reply when Rebbi Yehudah Nesi'ah asked him whether returning the wine-jars to the furnace would suffice to permit them?

(b) Which great Amora concurs with this ruling?

(c) In fact, he permits the jars as soon as the pitch falls off from the heat.
What does Rav Ashi say about this?

(d) We ask what the Din will be if one heats the jars by placing boiling hot rods inside them, until the pitch falls off.
Why might this no be as good as returning them to the furnace?

(a) Rav Acha and Ravina argue over the previous case.
What is the Halachah?

(b) What do we learn from here regarding Kashering barrels or jars that were used for storing wine, with regard to Kashering them by pouring boiling water inside them?

(c) Rav Nachman and Rav Yehudah forbid using the barrels even for beer, unless they have been Kashered. Nevertheless, Ravina permitted Rav Chiya b'rei de'Rav Yitzchak to use them for beer, like the opinion of Rava.
What did the latter subsequently do?

(d) Why did Ravina not then decree against using the jars for beer?

(a) What happened when Rav Yitzchak bar Bisna filled jars made of earthenware and animal dung that had been used with Yayin Nesech, and placed them in the sun?

(b) What did Rebbi Aba comment?

(c) Rebbi Yossi bar Avin translated 'K'lei Neser' as receptacles made of alum.
What did Rebbi Yusna say about them?

(a) The men of Parzak Rufila took by force casks that were not used for storage from Pumbedisa, and later returned them.
What does 'Rufila' mean?

(b) What did Rav Yehudah rule in this case?

(c) And what did Rav Avira rule with regard to those barrels of red clay that one obtained from Nochrim, (even assuming that they were used for storage)?

(d) Rav Papi issued the identical ruling regarding 'Pasvasa de'Bei Michsi'. What are 'Pasvasa de'Bei Michsi'?

(a) Rav Asi requires earthenware cups to be Kashered, Rav Ashi does not. They argue in a case where a Yisrael drank the first time, and it is from the second time and onwards that the Nochri drank from it, but if he were to drink from it the first time, then even would Rav Ashi would agree with Rav Asi. Why is that?

(b) The second Lashon, which is Halachah, takes a more stringent line. What does the second Lashon say?

(c) Rav Z'vid permits a black or white earthenware vessel covered with lead (see also Tosfos DH 'Kunya') without needing to Kasher it.
What does he say about a green one?

(d) In which case will he require even a black or white earthenware vessel which is covered with lead, to be Kashered?

(a) Mereimar is more lenient than Rav Z'vid.
What does *he* say?

(b) What did they ask Mereimar about having to Kasher these same vessels with regard to Pesach? To which kind of vessels, even smooth one, does the She'eilah not pertain?

(c) What was Mereimar's reply?

(d) How will Mereimar now reconcile his stringent ruling by Chametz with his lenient ruling by Yayin Nesech?

(e) Why did he not answer that, whereas Chametz on Pesach is d'Oraysa, S'tam Yeinam is only de'Rabbanan?

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