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Bava Basra 83
BAVA BASRA 82-85 - Sponsored by a generous grant from an anonymous donor.
Kollel Iyun Hadaf is indebted to him for his encouragement and support and
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1) THE SPACING OF THE TREES (cont.)
(a) Answer (Rav Yosef): I base my ruling (which is like R.
Shimon, as we shall see) on the following case.
1. Version #1 (Rashbam): A case came in front of Rav
Yehudah; he ruled that the buyer receives the land
in between, even though they were only separated by
the amount needed for an ox and its vessels (four
Amos, as will be explained).
2. Version #2 (Tosfos): A case came in front of Rav
Yehudah; he ruled that the buyer receives the land
in between, because for each pair of trees, the
separation was no more than the amount needed for an
ox and its vessels for each tree (i.e. eight Amos).
3. Rav Yosef: I did not know what is the amount needed
for an ox and its vessels until I heard the Beraisa
explaining the following Mishnah.
i. (Mishnah): It is forbidden to plant a tree near
another's field, unless there are four Amos in
between.
ii. (Beraisa): The four Amos are the area needed to
tend to a vineyard.
iii. This teaches that the amount needed for an ox
and its vessels is four Amos.
(b) Question: Rav Yosef also holds like an opinion in that
Mishnah (so why did Abaye say that the Mishnah supports
Rav Nachman)?!
1. (End of that Mishnah - R. Meir and R. Shimon): If
rows of a vineyard are eight Amos apart, it is
permitted to seed other things in between.
(c) Answer: The case R. Yehudah brought in the Mishnah
supports the first Tana, presumably that is the Halachah.
(d) We understand Rav Yosef's source (to say between four and
eight), according to R. Shimon:
1. R. Shimon says in the Mishnah, eight Amos (or more)
is considered too far apart;
2. We learn what is too close from the following
Mishnah.
i. (Mishnah - R. Shimon): If rows of a vineyard
are less than four Amos apart (people do not
plant vineyards thusly), it is not considered a
vineyard;
ii. Chachamim say, it is considered a vineyard, (if
enough trees remain when) we ignore those vines
that are too close together.
(e) We understand Rav Nachman's source to say that more than
16 is too sparse, according to Chachamim.
(f) Question: What is his source that less than eight is too
dense?
(g) Answer: Presumably, just as the amount that R. Shimon
considers too sparse is twice the amount that is too
dense, also according to Chachamim.
(h) (Rava himself): The Halachah is, between four and 16 Amos
(is the proper spacing).
(i) Support (Beraisa): If one bought trees spaced between
four and 16 Amos apart, he acquires land and the trees in
between;
1. Therefore, if a tree dried up or was cut, he may
plant another.
2. If they were less than four or more than 16 Amos
apart, or if he bought them one at a time, he does
not acquire land nor the trees in between;
i. Therefore, if a tree dried up or was cut, he
may not plant another.
(j) Question (R. Yirmeyah): Do we measure the spacing between
the thick part of the trunks or the thin part?
(k) Version #1 - Rashbam - Answer (Rav Gavihah - Mishnah): If
one grafts a young vine onto a mature vine, we measure
(four Amos, to determine if this joins with other vines
to make a vineyard) from the second joint (i.e. from the
place of medium thickness).
(l) Version #2 - Tosfos - Answer (Rav Gavihah - Mishnah): If
one bends a vine back into the ground, we measure (four
Amos) from the base of the second place it leaves the
ground (i.e. where it is thick).
2) WHEN DOES THE BUYER ACQUIRE LAND?
(a) Question (R. Yirmeyah): If Reuven bought a tree with
shoots that were covered with dirt, and are more than
four Amos apart (so it looks like three trees), what is
the law?
(b) Answer (Rav Gavihah - Mishnah - R. Eliezer b'Rebbi
Tzadok): If one bends three vines back into the ground,
and they grew out again, and they are spaced between four
and eight Amos apart, they (join and) are considered a
vineyard; if not, not. (Also regarding trees, it is like
buying three trees, he acquires land.)
(c) Question #1 (Rav Papa): If Shimon sold two trees in his
field and one on the border, what is the law?
(d) Question #2 (Rashbam - If he acquires land in the above
case,) if he sold two trees in his field and one (which
he owned) in another's field, what is the law?
(e) These questions are not resolved.
83b---------------------------------------83b
(f) Question (Rav Ashi): (Rashbam - If in those cases he
acquires,) do the following interrupt between the trees
(and therefore, he did not acquire land): a pit; an
irrigation ditch; a public domain; a row of date trees?
(g) These questions are not resolved.
(h) Question (Hillel): If a cedar tree grew (afterwards)
between the trees, what is the law?
(i) Objection: This is obvious - since there was no
separation when Reuven bought them, he acquired land!
(j) Correction: Rather, if a cedar tree was between the trees
(at the time of the sale), what is the law?
(k) Answer (Rebbi): He acquires land.
(l) Question: How must the trees be positioned in order that
the buyer acquires land?
(m) Answer #1 (Rav): In a line.
(n) Answer #2 (Shmuel): In a triangle.
1. Rav would say, all the more so he acquires if they
are in a triangle;
2. Shmuel would say, if they are in a line, he did not
acquire.
3. Question: What is the reason?
4. Answer: The seller wants the area in between,
because it can be sown.
5. Objection (Rav Hamnuna): If he acquires when they
are in a triangle, because the seller cannot sow the
area in between, he should also acquire when he buys
three prickly shrubs, because the area in between
will not be sown!
6. Answer: Trees are important, the land between them
is included; shrubs are not important.
3) WHAT IS INCLUDED WITH AN ANIMAL THAT IS SOLD?
(a) (Mishnah): One who sells the head of a large animal, the
legs are included;
1. If he sells the legs, the head is not included.
2. If he sells the Kaneh (lung), the liver is not
included; if he sells the liver, the Kaneh is not
included.
(b) Regarding a small animal: if he sells the head, the legs
are included;
1. If he sells the legs, the head is not included.
2. If he sells the Kaneh, the liver is included; if he
sells the liver, the Kaneh is not included.
4) RETRACTING FROM A SALE
(a) There are four laws of (retraction from) a sale: if
Reuven said 'I sell you good wheat', and it was found to
be bad, the buyer (Shimon) can retract;
1. If he said 'I sell you bad wheat', and it was found
to be good, Reuven can retract;
2. If it was found to be as Reuven said, neither can
retract;
3. In these cases, either can retract: he (said that
he) was selling red wheat, and it was found to be
white, or vice-versa; he sold olive wood, and it was
found to be sycamore, or vice-versa; he sold wine,
and it was found to be vinegar, or vice-versa.
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