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1) THE HEIRS DIVIDE EQUALLY

(a) (Mishnah): If a man died, leaving big and small sons, the big sons do not receive extra money to buy clothing (which costs more than clothing for small sons), the small sons do not receive extra money for their food (which costs more than food for big sons);

1. Rather, they divide the estate equally.

(b) If the big sons got married, the small sons also get married (this will be explained);

1. The small sons cannot say 'We will get married, as you did';
2. What the father gave the big sons was a gift.

(c) If a man died, leaving big and small daughters, the big daughters do not receive extra for clothing, the small daughters do not receive extra for food; rather, they divide equally.

1. Rather, they divide the estate equally.

(d) If the big daughters got married, the small daughters also get married;

1. The small daughters cannot say 'We will get married as you did';
2. What the father gave the big daughters was a gift.

(e) (Gemara - Rava): If the oldest brother (who deals on behalf of all the brothers) buys nice clothing from money of the estate, they do not get a corresponding amount of money (because he is more respected, they benefit from this).
(f) Question (Mishnah): The big sons do not receive extra money to buy clothing!
(g) Answer: That refers to a son that does not deal on behalf of the others.
(h) Question: Obviously, he does not get extra for clothing!
(i) Answer: One might have thought, in any case they allow him to buy nice clothing, to look proper - the Mishnah teaches, this is not so.
(j) (Mishnah): If the big sons got married...
(k) Question: What does this mean?
(l) Answer (Rav Yehudah): If the big sons got married from the joint money of the estate (after the father died), the small sons also get married from the estate;

1. If the father married off the big sons, the small sons cannot say 'We will get married from the estate, as father did for you';
2. What the father spent to marry off the big sons was a gift.

(a) (Mishnah): If the big daughters got married...
(b) Question (Avuha bar Geneiva): If a woman borrowed money and got married, is the husband considered like a buyer (in his wife's property), or like an heir?

1. If he is like a buyer, a Milveh Al Peh (a loan without a document) cannot be collected from him;
2. If he is like an heir, a Milveh Al Peh is collected from him.

(c) Answer #1 (Rava - Mishnah): If the big daughters got married, the small daughters also get married.

1. This means, if a big daughter married a man (and entered the marriage with money of the estate), the small daughters get married from his property (he is like an heir, he must pay the loan).

(d) Rejection: No, the small daughters get married from money left in the estate.

1. Question: But R. Chiya taught, if a big daughter married a man, the small daughters get married from his property!
2. Answer: Perhaps dowries are different, since they are publicized, they are like loans with a document.

(e) Answer #2 (Rav Papa): Ravin taught, if a man died, leaving a widow and daughter, the widow is fed from the estate (this is a condition of the Kesuvah);

1. If the daughter got married, (her husband uses the property, on condition that) the widow is still fed from it;
2. Rav Yehudah the nephew of R. Yosi bar Chanina says, a case occurred, the daughter got married then died, Chachamim said that (her husband gets the property, but) the widow is still fed from it.
3. We understand this if the husband is like an heir (she is normally fed from the estate after it fell to the heirs).
4. Question: But if the husband is like a buyer, why is she fed? (She is not fed from sold property!)

(f) Abaye: A Mishnah teaches Ravin's law!

1. (Mishnah): The following do not return in Yovel: the extra portion of the firstborn, and one who inherits his wife.

(g) Objection (Rava): A different source teaches that the husband is like a buyer!

1. (R. Yosi bar Chanina): In Usha, they enacted that if a wife sold her Melug property, and then she died, her husband takes the property from the buyer.
2. (We understand this if the husband is like a buyer (at the time of marriage, he takes from the second buyer);
3. But if he is like an heir, why can he take from the buyer (he does not inherit until she dies)!

(h) Answer #3 (Rav Ashi): Sometimes Chachamim made the husband like an heir, sometimes they made him like a buyer, whichever is better for him.

1. Regarding Yovel, he is like an heir, so he will keep the property;
2. Regarding the enactment of Usha, he is like a buyer, so he will not lose his wife's property (after he improved it);
3. Regarding feeding the widow, he is like an heir, so she will not lose (what she was promised in the Kesuvah).

(i) Question: Why are we concerned for her loss, but not for the loss of buyers (regarding the enactment of Usha)?
(j) Answer: There, the buyers caused their own loss, they should not have bought from a married woman.

3) DAUGHTERS ARE FED AND SONS INHERIT

(a) (Mishnah): If a man died, leaving sons and daughters: if there is much property (this will be explained), the sons inherit and the daughters are fed;
(b) If there is little property, the daughters are fed and the sons beg for their food.
(c) Admon says, why should I lose, because I am a male?!
(d) R. Gamliel agrees with Admon.
(e) (Gemara) Question: What is considered much property?
(f) Answer #1 (Rav Yehudah citing Rav): Enough to feed all the children for 12 months is called 'much'.
(g) Answer #2 (Shmuel): This is the opinion of R. Gamliel bar Rebbi, but Chachamim say, enough to feed all the children until Bagrus (until the girls mature).
(h) Support (Ravin): Enough to feed all the children until Bagrus is called 'much', less than this is 'little'.