Ask A Question on the daf

Previous daf

1) A KOHEN MAY OFFER HIS OWN SACRIFICES

(a) (Beraisa): Question: How do we know that a Kohen can offer his own sacrifices whenever he wants?
(b) Answer: "He will come with all desire of his soul, and serve".
(c) Question: How do we know he gets the meat and skin?
(d) Answer: "A man's Kadashav will be to him".

1. [Version #1: If he is a blemished Kohen, he gives his sacrifices to a Kohen of the division; he himself gets the meat and skin.]
2. [Version #2: If he is a blemished Kohen, he gives his sacrifices to Kohanim of the division, they get the meat and skin.]
3. If he is old or sick, he gives his sacrifices to any Kohen he wants; Kohanim of the division get the meat and skin.
4. Question: How old or sick is he?

i. If he can serve - he himself should offer them and get the meat and skin!
ii. If he cannot serve - why can he choose a Kohen to be his agent (he should have to give them to Kohanim of the division)!

5. Answer (Rav Papa): He can serve (and eat) with difficulty - since such service is valid, he can make an agent;

i. Eating with difficulty is as gorging oneself - such eating is invalid, therefore, Kohanim of the division get the meat and skin.

(e) (Rav Sheshes): If a Tamei Kohen (of the serving division) has a sacrifice of the congregation to offer, he gives it to any Kohen he wants; Kohanim of the division get the meat and skin.
(f) Question: What is the case?

1. If there are Tahor Kohanim (in the division) - Tamei Kohanim cannot serve (why can he gives it to any Kohen he wants?)!
2. If there are no Tahor Kohanim - why do Kohanim of the division get the meat, they cannot eat it?

(g) Answer (Rava): The meat goes to Tahor blemished Kohanim in the division.
(h) (Rav Ashi): If the Kohen Gadol was an Onen (i.e. one of his close relations died today), he gives his sacrifice to any Kohen he wants; Kohanim of the division get the meat and skin.
(i) Question: A Mishnah teaches this!

1. (Mishnah): A Kohen Gadol may serve when he is an Onen, but he may not eat Kodshim, nor does he receive a portion to eat at night (when he may eat).

(j) Answer: One might have thought, the Torah was merciful to allow a Kohen Gadol to serve when he is an Onen, but not to appoint a Kohen to offer on his behalf - we hear, this is not so.

(a) (Mishnah): Reuven stole from a convert and swore falsely to him; the convert died. Reuven pays principle and the added fifth to the Kohanim, and brings a guilt-offering - "If the man has no redeemer...the theft that is returned to Hash-m, to the Kohanim, aside from the ram of atonement..."
(b) If Reuven was bringing the money and guilt-offering to the Mikdash and died, his heirs inherit the money, the sacrifice grazes until it gets a blemish; it is sold, the money is used for a communal burnt-offering.
(c) If he gave the money to Kohanim of the division and then died, his heirs cannot take it back - "A man that will give to the Kohen, it will be to (the Kohen)".
(d) If he gave the money to division Yehoyariv, and the guilt-offering to Yadayah (the next division to serve), he fulfilled his obligation;

1. If he gave the guilt-offering to Yehoyariv, and the money to the Yadayah - if the animal is still around, Yadayah offers it;

i. If not, he must bring another guilt-offering, for one who gave the money before bringing the guilt-offering, he fulfilled his obligation; one who brought the guilt-offering before giving the money, he did not fulfill his obligation.

2. If he gave the principle but not the added fifth, he may bring the guilt-offering.

(e) (Gemara - Beraisa #1): "Asham" - this is the principle; "that is returned" - this is the added fifth.
(f) Suggestion: Perhaps "Asham" is the guilt-offering!

1. Question: What difference would it make?
2. Answer: We would not learn Rava's law.

i. (Rava): If Reuven gave the theft to the Kohanim at night, or in 2 payments, he did not fulfill his obligation.
ii. Question: What is the reason?
iii. Answer: The Torah calls it "Asham (guilt-offering)" (which cannot be brought at night or in 2 installments).

(g) Rejection: "Aside from the ram of atonement" refers to the guilt-offering, so "Asham" must refer to principle.
(h) (Beraisa #2): "Asham" - this is the principle; "that is returned" - this is the added fifth.
(i) Suggestion: Perhaps "Asham" is the added fifth!

1. Question: What difference would it make?
2. Answer: We would not learn the Mishnah's law.

i. (Mishnah): If he gave the principle but not the added fifth, he may bring the guilt-offering.
ii. Rather, we would learn that he may not brings the guilt-offering until he pays the added fifth!

(j) Rejection: "He will return his Asham at first, and its fifth" - this teaches that "Asham" is principle.
(k) (Beraisa #3): "Asham" - this is the principle; "that is returned" - this is the added fifth; the verse speaks of one who stole from (and swore falsely to) a convert who later died.
(l) Suggestion: Perhaps "that is returned" is double payment, it speaks of one who covertly stole from a convert!
(m) Rejection: "He will return his Asham b'Rosho, and its fifth" - money that is paid b'Rosho (only 1 principle).

(a) (Rava): If Reuven gave the theft to the Kohanim at night, or in 2 payments, he did not fulfill his obligation.
(b) Question: What is the reason?
(c) Answer: The Torah calls it "Asham (guilt-offering)" (which cannot be brought at night or in 2 installments).
(d) (Rava): If every Kohen (in the division) does not get a Perutah, the thief did not fulfill his obligation.
(e) Question: What is the reason?
(f) Answer: The Torah calls it "Asham that is returned" - it must be returned to every Kohen (less than a Perutah is not considered money).
(g) Question (Rava): What if it is not enough for every Kohen in Yehoyariv to get a Perutah, but it is enough for every Kohen in Yadayah?

1. Question: What is the case?

i. If he gives it to Yadayah when Yadayah is serving - surely this is good!

2. Answer: Rather, he gave to Yadayah when Yehoyariv is serving.

i. Do we say, since Yadayah is not serving, this is invalid?
ii. Or - since the theft is not fitting for Yehoyariv (it is too small), it is standing to be given to Yadayah, it is valid!
iii. This question is unsettled.

(h) Question (Rava): May Kohanim trade portions they received of theft of a convert?

1. Since the Torah called it Asham - just as they may not trade sacrifices for sacrifices, also thefts of converts;
2. Or - since it is mere money, they may trade it.

(i) Answer (Rava): Since the Torah called it Asham, they may not trade.

1. Rav Acha brei d'Rava cited this teaching in his father's name.

(j) Question (Rava): Are Kohanim like heirs of theft of a convert, or receivers of a gift?

1. Question: What difference does it make?
2. Answer: Reuven stole Chametz, and Pesach passed.

i. If they are heirs - they inherit the worthless Chametz;
ii. If they are receivers of a gift - Reuven must give them something of value.

(k) Answer (Rav Ze'ira): Even if you will say they receive a gift, the Torah told Reuven to return what he stole (even if it is worthless)!
(l) Question (Rav Ze'ira): If a Kohen received 10 animals as theft of a convert - must he tithe them?

1. If they are as heirs - we learned, orphans that bought animals with money of the estate, they must tithe them;
2. Or, are they as receivers of a gift?

i. (Mishnah): One who buys or receives a gift of animals is exempt from tithing them.

(m) Answer (Beraisa): Twenty-four gifts were given to the Kohanim - they are all included in a generality, specific, generality, and a covenant of salt;

1. One who fulfills them, it is as if he fulfilled (the whole Torah, which is expounded using) generality, specific, generality, and (all the sacrifices, by which there is) a covenant of salt;
2. One who does not fulfill them, it is as if he transgressed the whole Torah and all the sacrifices.
3. Ten of the gifts may only be eaten in the Mikdash: sin-offerings of animals and birds, definite and doubtful guilt-offerings, the Shelamim offerings of the congregation (on Shavu'os), the Log of oil brought that a Metzora brings, the remains of the Omer offering (on Pesach, after offering a handful on the Altar), the showbread, the 2 loaves brought on Shavu'os, and the remains of flour-offerings.
4. Four of the gifts are (eaten or received) in Yerushalayim: firstborn animals, Bikurim, the chest and foreleg of Shelamim and of the ram of a Nazir, and the skins of sacrifices.
5. Ten of the gifts apply even outside Yerushalayim: Terumah, Terumas Ma'aser, Chalah, first shearings (of sheep), the foreleg, jaw and stomach of Chulin Behemos, redemption of firstborn boys, redemption of firstborn donkeys, an inherited field (that was made Hekdesh and not redeemed before Yovel), a field declared Cherem, theft of a convert.

i. The Beraisa calls theft of a convert a gift.

(a) (Mishnah): If Reuven gave the money to Kohanim of the division (and then died, the Kohanim keep it).
(b) (Abaye): We learn from this that the money partially atones.

1. If it did not - we should say, it reverts to Reuven's heirs!
2. Question: Why?
3. Answer: Reuven only gave it to get atonement.
4. Question: If so - if the owner of a sin-offering died, we should say that it reverts to Chulin, for he only made it Hekdesh in order to bring it!
5. Answer: A tradition from Moshe from Sinai teaches that if the owner of a sin-offering dies, the animal is left to die.
6. Question: If the owner of a guilt-offering died, we should say that it reverts to Chulin, for he only made it Hekdesh in order to bring it!
7. Answer: A tradition from Moshe from Sinai teaches that in any situation in which a sin-offering must die, a guilt-offering grazes (until it gets a blemish; it is sold, the money is used for a communal burnt-offering).
8. Question: A woman who falls to Yibum to a leper should be exempt without Chalitzah - she did not accept Kidushin with intent that she would fall to such a Yavam!
9. Answer: Surely, she accepts Kidushin aware of this possibility, due to Reish Lakish's teaching.

i. (Reish Lakish): A woman prefers being married (even to an undesirable man) than to remain single.