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REVIEW QUESTIONS ON GEMARA AND RASHI

prepared by Rabbi Eliezer Chrysler
Kollel Iyun Hadaf, Jerusalem

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Bava Metzia 56

1)

(a) According to Rebbi Meir in a Beraisa, it is a Sitton (Chaver) exclusively who is permitted to sell to Chaverim without separating Ma'asros first.
What is a Sitton?

(b) Why does Rebbi Meir allow him this concession?

(c) And why does he distinguish between a Sitton and a Balabos who purchases from Amei ha'Aretz and sells wholesale? Why should the concession not extend to him?

(d) What do the Chachamim say?

2)
(a) What is the Shiur of 'Midah Gasah', that defines Sittoni'us?

(b) What have we proved from this Beraisa?

3)
(a) What does Rebbi Meir say in a Beraisa about someone who purchases hot loaves and loaves that already cooled down from a baker?

(b) What does the Tana say regarding loaves that are of various shapes?

(c) There is no problem with Ma'asering a cold loaf to cover hot ones, due to statement of Rebbi Ilai.
What did Rebbi Ilai learn from the Pasuk in Korach "ve'Lo Sis'u Alav Chet, be'Harimchem es Chelbo Mimenu"?

(d) Ravina has a problem with Rebbi Meir permitting the Ma'asering of one shape loaf to cover another, because maybe the Nachtom (the retail bakery) purchased his wares from different bakers, some of whom Ma'asered, and some of whom didn't.
What would be the problem if he were to separate ...

  1. ... min ha'Chiyuv al ha'P'tur?
  2. ... min ha'P'tur al ha'Chiyuv?
4)
(a) Abaye will deal with Ravina's problem after he has reviewed the entire Sugya. He justifies Rebbi Elazar's asking how it is that the Chachamim decreed the same stringency on T'rumas Ma'aser shel D'mai as the Torah decreed on T'rumas Ma'aser.
What problem does he have with ...
  1. ... Shmuel, who established our Mishnah like Rebbi Meir, because we have seen that is stringent by Gitin?
  2. ... Rav Sheishes, who then asked from Pidyon Ma'aser Sheini, where Rebbi Meir is lenient?
(b) And what does Abaye say about Rav Yosef, who answers Rav Sheishes Kashya by differentiating between Pidyon and Achilah?
5)
(a) Concerning Ravina's Kashya from a Nachtom (where Rebbi Meir is lenient), Abaye says that he should rather have cited the Mishnah in D'mai concerning a Palter.
What is a Palter?

(b) What does Rebbi Meir say there about a Palter?

(c) How will we then answer Ravina's Kashya from a Nachtom? Why is a Nachtom different than a Palter?

(d) In which point does Rava disagree with Abaye?

6)
(a) Our Mishnah lists three things, besides Hekdesh, that are not subject to Ona'ah.
What are they?

(b) What are the two possible meanings of Hekdesh in this regard?

(c) What else, besides Tashlumei Kefel of a Ganav, are these four things not subject to?

(d) Why does the Tana need to mention that these four things are not subject to Arba'ah va'Chamishah, seeing as Arba'ah ve'Chamishah are confined to an ox and a lamb?

7)
(a) What does the Tana say about ...
  1. ... a Shomer Chinam?
  2. ... a Shomer Sachar?
(b) Rebbi Shimon disagrees with the Tana Kama's statement precluding all Kodshim from Ona'ah.
Which Kodshim does he include? What does he mean by 'Chayav be'Achariyusan'?

(c) And which Kodshim does he concede to the Tana Kama?

(d) Rebbi Yehudah lists three things that are not subject to Ona'ah. One of them is a Seifer-Torah.
What are the other two?

Answers to questions

56b---------------------------------------56b

8)

(a) The Tana of our Mishnah derives the four things in our Mishnah from the Pasuk in Behar "ve'Chi Simkeru Mimkar la'Amisecha, O Kanoh mi'Yad Amisecha, Lo Sonu ... '.
What does he learn from ...
  1. ... "mi'Yad"?
  2. ... "Mimkar"?
  3. ... "Al Tonu Ish es *Achiv*?
(b) From where does the Tana learn that Avadim are not subject to Ona'ah?

(c) How is it sometimes possible for Sh'taros to be subject to Ona'ah?

(d) Why did the Chachamim deem it necessary to teach us this? Why is it not obvious?

9)
(a) What does Rabah bar Mamal asks from the Pasuk in Chukas "va'Yikach es Kol Artzo *mi'Yado*"?

(b) We counter that by citing two other Pesukim.
What do we learn from the Pasuk ...

  1. ... in Mishpatim (in connection with paying Kefel) "Im *Himatzei Simatzei* be'Yado ha'Geneivah"?
  2. ... in Ki Seitzei (in connection with a Get) "*ve'Nasan* be'Yadah"?
(c) What do we now learn from these Pesukim?

(d) Then how will we answer Rabah bar Mamal's Kashya? Why is "va'Yikach es Kol Artzo mi'Yado" not a proof that 'Yad' is not literal?

10)
(a) Rebbi Zeira asks whether Sechirus is subject to Ona'ah or not.
What is the basis of his She'eilah?

(b) How does Abaye resolve it?

11)
(a) Rava asked whether planted wheat is subject to Ona'ah.
What is the basis of his She'eilah? At which stage is Rava speaking, before the seeds have taken root or afterwards?

(b) The She'eilah cannot pertain to a case where the seller claims to have planted six Sa'ah, whereas witnesses testify that he planted only five, because of another statement of Rava.
What did Rava say about 'Kol Davar she'be'Midah, ve'she'be'Mishkal ve'she'be'Minyan'?

(c) Then what is the case of Rava's She'eilah of Ona'ah regarding the seeds?

(d) Rava also asks whether the Din Shevu'ah applies to planted seeds.
What is the case there?

12)
(a) And finally, he asks whether the Omer (which was brought on the sixteenth of Nissan) would permit planted seeds or not.
Why can he not be referring to Gidulin? What are Gidulin?

(b) So what is he referring to?

(c) Then what is the She'eilah? Why might the seeds be ...

  1. ... permitted?
  2. ... forbidden?
(d) What is the outcome of the She'eilah?
Answers to questions

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