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1) EATING THE DISPUTED "CHELEV"

(a) (Rav Avya): A small amount of Chelev over the string (Version #1; according to Version #2 - over the bow) must be removed (because Chelev of the Kevah, which all agree is forbidden, is over it), the rest is permitted.

1. R. Ami and R. Chanina (who were of Eretz Yisrael) would eat the remainder;
2. This is forbidden to people of Bavel.

(a) (Beraisa - R. Shimon ben Gamliel): If the innards were punctured and fluid covers them, it is Kosher.
(b) Question: What fluid is this?
(c) Answer (Rav Kahana): A thick fluid that clings to the innards from the inside.
(d) (R. Aba): The Halachah is like R. Shimon ben Gamliel regarding fluid of the innards, it is like R. Shimon regarding Avelus.

1. (Mishnah): Reuven was away when his relative died. If he was within one day's journey, and returned within the first three days of Avelus, he counts the (seven and 30) days of Avelus like the mourners here;
2. If he comes after three days, or came from more than one day's journey, he counts the days of Avelus from when he heard of the loss;
3. R. Shimon says, if he was less than a day away, even if he arrives on the seventh day, he counts like the mourners here.

(e) (A Talmid citing Aba): The Halachah is not like R. Shimon ben Gamliel, there is dispute regarding Avelus:

1. Rav Huna and R. Yochanan say that the Halachah follows R. Shimon, Rav Nachman says that it does not. 2. The Halachah is not like R. Shimon ben Gamliel, it is like R. Shimon.

i. (Shmuel): The Halachah is always like the lenient opinion regarding mourning.

(f) (Rav Simi bar Chiya): If we are unsure whether or not a puncture in the innards came before or after slaughter, we may puncture other innards; if the wound resembles the fresh wound, the animal is Kosher.
(g) A case came before Rava, the fresh wound was unlike the doubtful wound. His son Rav Mesharshiya pressed the freshly punctured innards; they then resembled the doubtful case.

1. Rava: How did you think to do that?
2. Rav Mesharshiya: The innards were pressed (in the place of the doubtful wound) before they came to you.

(h) (R. Yochanan and R. Elazar): We may compare a puncture in the lungs (to a fresh puncture).

1. (Rava): We may compare a puncture on the same side, not to one on the other side of the lungs.
2. The law is, we may compare even from one side to the other, but not from a small chamber to a large chamber (Rashi; Tosfos - not from a large animal to a small animal).

(i) (Abaye and Rava): We may compare punctures in the Kaneh.
(j) (Rav Papa): This is only within the same Chulyah (ring; Rashi - three rings), not to a different Chulyah.

1. The law is, we may compare one Chulyah to another, or one *Bar Chulyah* (the flesh that covers and connects the rings) to another, but not a Chulyah to a Bar Chulyah or vice-versa.

(k) (Ze'iri): If the end of the large intestine was punctured, it is Kosher, because the legs seal it.
(l) Question: How much must be cut to make it Tereifah?
(m) Answer (R. Ilai): If the majority is cut where it clings to the legs, it is Tereifah;

1. Where it does not cling, a puncture of any size is Tereifah.
2. Rabanan told this to Rava in Rav Nachman's name.

3. Rava: That is wrong! Rav Nachman said, where it clings, even if it is entirely removed, it is Kosher, as long as there remains enough (for a person) to hold.
4. Question: What is considered enough to hold?
5. Answer (Abaye): Room for four fingers (Rashi - one finger) suffices (even) for an ox. (Shulchan Aruch - a smaller animal needs proportionally less).

(a) (Mishnah): If the inner Keres (first stomach) was punctured (it is Tereifah).

1. Opinion #1 (Rav Yehudah, R. Yehoshua ben Levi): The inner Keres is the caecum.
2. Opinion #2 (R. Yishmael): It is the stomach.
3. Opinion #3 (Rav Asi): It is a thin place in the Keres, I do not know where.

i. Objection (Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak): This does not help us at all!
ii. Answer (Rav Acha bar Rav Ava): It is below where the Keres narrows.

4. Opinion #4 (R. Yakov bar Nachmani): It is the part of the Keres not covered by 'wool'.
5. Opinion #5 (R. Avina): It is the last Tefach on the Veshet before the Keres.
6. Opinion #6 (Chachamim of Eretz Yisrael): It is the entire Keres;

i. The outer Keres is the skin covering most of the Keres.

7. Opinion #7 (Rabah bar Rav Huna): It is the Mafra'ata.

i. Question: What is the Mafra'ata?
ii. Answer (Rav Avya): It is where a butcher Por'e'a (opens) the animal to remove the innards (i.e. the part facing the ground).

(b) In Nehardai, they conducted like Rabah bar Rav Huna and Rav Asi.
(c) Question (Rav Ashi): Are they not concerned for the other opinions?
(d) Answer (Ameimar): All are included in Rabah bar Rav Huna's opinion.

1. Question (Rav Ashi): Rav Asi's opinion is unclear!
2. Answer (Ameimar): Rav Acha bar Ava clarified it.
3. Question (Rav Ashi): The opinions of R. Avina and Chachamim of Eretz Yisrael are not included in Rabah bar Rav Huna's opinion!
4. Answer: Indeed, they are not.

(e) (Mishnah): R. Yehudah says, in a large one (if a Tefach tears, it is Tereifah).
(f) (R. Binyamin bar Yefet): He does not refer to the largest and smallest animals

1. Rather, if a Tefach is torn and this is not the majority of the Keres, this is large, it is Tereifah;

i. If the majority is torn and it is less than a Tefach, this is small, it is Tereifah.

2. Objection: This is obvious!
3. Answer: The Chidush is when the majority is just less than a Tefach (Rashi; Tosfos - when the Keres is more than a Tefach); one might have thought, a full Tefach is required - R. Yehudah teaches that this is not so).

(g) (Geneiva): A hole the size of a Sela (a coin) makes it a Tereifah, for if stretched out, it would be a Tefach.
(h) (R. Chiya bar Aba citing Geneiva): Up to a Sela is Kosher, more is Tereifah.
(i) Question: How can we gauge if it is more than a Sela?
(j) Answer: If three date pits with some fruit attached can be squeezed through, or if three clean date pits fit through easily, it is more than a Sela.