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REVIEW QUESTIONS ON GEMARA AND RASHI

prepared by Rabbi Eliezer Chrysler
Kollel Iyun Hadaf, Jerusalem

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Eruvin 40

1)

(a) On what grounds did Rava permit that turnip on Yom-Tov, although nobody had informed him that gentiles had cut it *before* Yom-Tov (and it may just have detached *on* Yom-Tov)?

(b) Why did he not suspect that it may have been brought from outside the Techum on Yom-Tov?

(c) Why did he subsequently issue a decree forbidding similar products offered by non-Jews in future?

2)
(a) Ravina permitted gardeners to smell myrtle-twigs immediately after the termination of the second-day of Yom-Tov, despite the fact that non-Jews had cut them on that day on their behalf.
What is the Gemara's initial objection to Ravina's ruling?

(b) What did Rava ultimately rule, and why is he strict in this regard, despite the fact that nowadays we are experts in the calendar, and we know that really, it is the *first* day of Yom-Tov which is holy, and not the *second*?

3)
(a) What is the Gemara referring to, and what does it mean - when it writes 'Zichron Echad Olah le'Kahn u'le'Kahn'?

(b) What is the alternative to that, and what is its reason?

4)
(a) Rebbi Dosa ben Horkinas in our Mishnah permits the Chazen on Rosh Hashanah to mention Rosh Chodesh conditionally on both days of Rosh Hashanah, using the appropriate text on either day. The Rabbanan disagree. Based on a Beraisa, where the Machlokes is duplicated, only with regard to a regular Rosh Chodesh (which does not coincide with Rosh Hashanah), the Gemara attempts to prove that the Rabbanan argue with Rebbi Dosa on account of *the condition*.
What is their alternative bone of contention?

(b) How then, does the Gemara prove its point?

(c) If that is so, why do they need to argue the same Machlokes twice?

5)
(a) What causes the Gemara to think that, according to Beis Shamai, if one *were* to mention Rosh Chodesh in Musaf of Rosh Hashanah, it would be in the form of an independent Berachah?

(b) What is the Gemara trying to prove from here?

(c) How do we attempt to refute this proof?

(d) How do we ultimately prove, from a second Beraisa citing another statement by Beis Shamai, that one does not mention Rosh Chodesh independently of Rosh Hashanah in Musaf of Rosh Hashanah?

Answers to questions

40b---------------------------------------40b

6)

(a) Raban Shimon ben Gamliel and Rebbi Yishmael Be'no shel Rebbi Yochanan ben Berokah hold of 'Kolel' (regarding incorporating Rosh Chodesh together Shabbos).
What does the Tana Kama hold?

(b) At which point in the Tefilah, does one recite 'Ya'aleh ve'Yavo', according to Rebbi Eliezer?

(c) What does the Gemara conclude with regard to mentioning Rosh Chodesh on Rosh Hashanah?

7)
(a) Why did the Gemara think that perhaps one should not mention 'Shehecheyanu' on Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kipur?

(b) Why is there no proof that one should from Rav Yehudah, who would recite 'Shehechiyanu' even on a new-season pumpkin?

(c) According to Rashi, when does one recite 'Shehechiyanu' over a new fruit?

8)
(a) According to Rebbi Eliezar, the Pasuk in Koheles "Ten Chelek le'Shiv'ah, ve'Gam li'Shemonah" refers to Hashem's choice of Shabbos of the seventh day , and of the eighth day of B'ris Milah. How does Rebbi Yehoshua explain the Pasuk, and what does he learn from the word "ve'Gam"?

(b) On what grounds does the Gemara reject the proof from here that Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kipur require a Birchas 'Shehechiyanu'?

(c) How would we explain 'Kol Shiv'ah' if Rebbi Yehoshua was referring to 'Shehechiyanu'? Since when do we recite 'Shehechiyanu' on each day of Yom- Tov?

(d) How does the Gemara attempt to prove from here Rav Nachman's ruling that 'Shehechiyanu' on Yom-Tov may be recited even in the market-place (i.e. without a cup of wine)?

9)
(a) Even if we are speaking about someone who happened to have wine on the subsequent days, why will we anyway have a clear proof for Rav Nachman from Rebbi Yehoshua, if he is referring to the Berachah of Shehechiyanu?

(b) Why can he not ...

  1. ... drink the Kos after reciting 'Shehechiyanu'?
  2. ... recite 'Shehechiyanu' and put down the Kos?
  3. ... recite 'Shahechiyanu' and give the Kos to a child to drink?
10)
(a) What is the Gemara's conclusion with regard to reciting 'Shehechiyanu' on Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kipur?

(b) Is the Halachah like Rav Nachman? Does 'Shehechiyanu' require a cup of wine?

Answers to questions
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