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1) HOW MANY "PARIM" ARE BROUGHT?

(a) (Mishnah - R. Meir): If Beis Din ruled mistakenly and the majority of Yisrael sinned, Beis Din brings a Par; if they transgressed idolatry, they bring a Par and a Sa'ir;

1. R. Yehudah says, they bring 12 Parim; for idolatry, they bring 12 Parim and 12 Se'irim;
2. R. Shimon says, 13 Parim; for idolatry, 13 Parim and 13 Se'irim, one for each Shevet, and one for Beis Din.

(b) R. Meir says, if Beis Din ruled and (the majority of each of) seven Shevatim sinned, Beis Din brings a Par; for idolatry, they bring a Par and a Sa'ir;

1. R. Yehudah says, each Shevet that sinned brings a Par by itself; also, every other Shevet brings a Par on account of the Shevatim that sinned;
2. R. Shimon says, eight Parim are brought (each Shevet that sinned brings one, and one for Beis Din); for idolatry, eight Parim and eight Se'irim are brought.

(c) R. Yehudah says, if the Sanhedrin of a Shevet ruled and that Shevet sinned, that Shevet brings a Par; the other Shevatim are exempt;

1. Chachamim say, Parim are only brought for rulings of the great Sanhedrin - "Im Kol Adas Yisrael Yishgu", not the Sanhedrin of one Shevet.

(d) (Gemara - Beraisa): Beis Din knows that they erred, (and that most of Yisrael transgressed two sins, one on account of Beis Din, one b'Shogeg), they do not remember which of the two was on account of the Hora'ah. One might have thought that they are liable - "And *the* sin became known", (they must know what they permitted), it is not enough to know that the majority sinned.

1. R. Yehudah says, "That they sinned" - if two Shevatim sinned, they bring two Parim; if three Shevatim sinned, they bring three Parim.
2. Suggestion: Perhaps this teaches that if two or three individuals sinned, they bring two or three Parim!
3. Rejection: "Ha'Kahal" - the Kahal (all of Yisrael) is liable, and each Kahal (Shevet) is liable.

i. If two Shevatim sinned, they bring two Parim; if seven Shevatim sinned, each brings a Par, and every other Shevet also brings a Par;
ii. "Ha'Kahal...ha'Kahal" teaches that each Shevet brings.

4. R. Shimon says, the seven Shevatim that sinned bring seven Parim, and Beis Din brings one Par.

i. We learn a Gezerah Shavah "Edah-Edah" from the sin - just as the sin involved Beis Din and the Tzibur, also the Korbanos.

5. R. Meir says, Beis Din brings one Par for the seven Shevatim that sinned, and the Shevatim are exempt.

i. We learn a Gezerah Shavah "Edah-Edah" from the Hora'ah - just as the Hora'ah was by Beis Din alone, also the Korban.

6. R. Shimon ben Elazar cites R. Meir to say, if six Shevatim sinned comprising the majority of Yisrael, or seven Shevatim even if this is the minority, Beis Din brings a Par.

(e) Question: The Beraisa says, '"And *the* sin became known", not just that they know that the majority sinned' - like whom is this?
(f) Answer #1 (Rav Yehudah): It is unlike R. Eliezer.

1. (Mishnah - R. Eliezer): If a person is unsure whether he ate Chelev or Nosar (a Korban after the permitted time to eat it,) no matter which he ate, he must bring a Chatas!

(g) Answer #2 (Rav Ashi): It can even be like R. Eliezer - it says (regarding Hora'ah) "That they sinned *in it*" (Beis Din must know the mistake).
(h) Question: Also regarding a Chatas, it says "That he sinned *in it*"!
(i) Answer: That teaches that Misasek (one who sinned without even intending to do the action) is exempt (if he did not benefit).
(j) Question: What is R. Yehudah's reason (that even the Shevatim that did not sin bring Parim)?
(k) Answer: He expounds the following four laws from "Ha'Kahal...ha'Kahal" (the two words, and the two letters 'Hei'):

1. Each Shevet is liable; (Parim are brought only when) Beis Din give a Hora'ah, and the people transgressed; Shevatim that didn't sin bring on account of those that sinned; a Shevet that sinned by following its Beis Din is liable.

(l) R. Shimon does not expound one of the letters 'Hei' (in "Me'Einei *ha*'Kahal", the Torah merely speaks as people do), he expounds two words and one 'Hei':

1. One teaches that each Shevet is liable; the other two are used for the Gezerah Shavah (just as both Beis Din and the Tzibur were involved in the sin, they both bring Korbanos).

(m) R. Meir does not expound either 'Hei'; he only learns a Gezerah Shavah - just as the Hora'ah was by Beis Din alone, also the Korban.
(n) Question: What is R. Shimon ben Elazar's reason?
(o) Answer: "Im *me'Einei* ha'Edah" - this implies, even from the minority;

1. Contradiction: It also says "*All* the nation forgot" - this implies, the majority!
2. Resolution: If six Shevatim sin, if they are the majority of Yisrael, Beis Din brings a Par; if seven Shevatim sin, even if they are the minority, a Par is brought.

(p) Question: How do R. Shimon and R. Meir learn that (Parim are brought only when) the Hora'ah comes from Beis Din, and the people transgress?
(q) Answer #1 (Abaye): "Im me'Einei ha'Edah Ne'es'sah li'Shgagah".
(r) Answer #2 (Rava): "The whole nation, bi'Shgagah".
(s) We need both verses.

1. If we only had the first verse, one might have thought that a Par is brought even if the minority sinned;
2. If we only had the second verse, one might have thought that a Par is brought only if Beis Din also sinned.

(t) Question: These verses are written regarding idolatry!
(u) Answer: We learn a Gezerah Shavah "Me'Einei-Me'Einei" from idolatry to other transgressions.

(a) (Mishnah): If the Beis Din of a Shevet ruled...
(b) Question: According to R. Yehudah - if one Shevet sinned by following the great Sanhedrin, do the other Shevatim also bring Parim?

1. Only when seven Shevatim sin, the others bring, for the majority sinned;
2. Or, the others bring in any case?

(c) Answer #1 (Beraisa): They bring one Par;

1. R. Shimon says, they bring two Parim.
2. Question: What is the case?

i. If seven Shevatim sinned - R. Shimon says that eight Parim are brought!

3. Answer: Rather, one Shevet sinned.
4. Question: How did it sin?

i. Suggestion: If by following a Hora'ah of its own Beis Din - R. Shimon says that Parim are not brought for this!

5. Answer: Rather, it followed the great Sanhedrin.
6. Question: Who is the first Tana?

i. It is not R. Meir, he exempts unless the majority of Yisrael sins!

7. Answer: Rather, it is R. Yehudah.

(d) Rejection: No - the case is, six Shevatim sinned, comprising the majority of Yisrael; the first Tana is R. Shimon ben Elazar.

1. (Beraisa - R. Shimon ben Elazar, citing R. Meir): If six Shevatim sinned comprising the majority of Yisrael, or seven Shevatim even if this is the minority, Beis Din brings a Par.

(e) Answer #2 (Beraisa - R. Yehudah): If a Shevet sinned by following a Hora'ah of its own Beis Din, only that Shevet brings; if it sinned by following the great Sanhedrin, the other Shevatim also bring.
(f) (Rav Ashi): We may also derive this from our Mishnah!

1. (Mishnah): If a Shevet sinned by following its Beis Din, that Shevet brings, the other Shevatim are exempt.
2. Question: By saying 'that Shevet brings', we know that the other Shevatim are exempt!
3. Answer: The extra words teach that the other Shevatim are exempt only when the Hora'ah was from Beis Din of a Shevet, but for a Hora'ah of the great Sanhedrin, they bring.

(a) Question: According to R. Shimon, if one Shevet sinned by following the Great Sanhedrin, what is the law?
(b) Answer #1 (Beraisa): They bring one Par;

1. R. Shimon says, two Parim.
2. Question: What is the case?

i. Suggestion: If seven Shevatim sinned - R. Shimon says that eight Parim are brought!

3. Answer: Rather, one Shevet sinned.
4. Question: How did it sin?

i. Suggestion: If it followed a Hora'ah of its own Beis Din - R. Shimon says that Parim are not brought for this!

5. Answer: Rather, it followed the great Sanhedrin.
6. Objection: This cannot be - the first Tana is unlike any Tana we know!

i. It is not R. Meir, he obligates a Par only when the majority sins!
ii. It is not R. Yehudah, he says that all the Shevatim bring!

7. Answer: It is R. Shimon ben Elazar, like the above Beraisa.

(c) Answer #2 (Mishnah - Chachamim): Parim are brought only for rulings of the great Sanhedrin.

1. Question: Like which Tana do Chachamim hold?

i. They do not hold like R. Meir, he obligates only when the majority sins!

2. Answer: Rather, they hold like R. Shimon.

(d) Question: How do R. Yehudah and R. Shimon learn that one Shevet is considered a Kahal?
(e) Answer #1: "...In the Kahal of Yehudah and Yerushalayim...the new Chatzer".

1. Question: Why is it called new? 2. Answer (R. Yochanan): They made a new decree, that a Tvul Yom (one who immersed and is not fully Tahor until evening) may not enter Machaneh Leviyah.

(f) Objection (Rav Acha bar Yakov): Perhaps one Shevet alone is not called a Kahal - part of Yerushalayim belongs to Shevet Binyamin!
(g) Answer #2 (Rav Acha bar Yakov): "(Hash-m told Yakov)...I will make you a Kahal of nations".

1. Binyamin was the only Shevet born after this - this shows that Binyamin is considered a Kahal!

(h) Question (Rav Sheva): Perhaps (the family of) Yakov will first become a Kahal when Binyamin is born!
(i) Answer (Rav Kahana): If so, even 11 Shevatim are not considered a Kahal (but "The Kahal of Yehudah" teaches that even two Shevatim are called a Kahal)!