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1) CHILDREN THAT CONVERT

(a) (Mishnah): A girl that converts to Judaism, is redeemed from captivity, or a slave that is freed: if she was at most 3 years old at the time, her Kesuvah (when she gets married) is 200, and the Chasan has a claim if she is not found to be a virgin.
(b) (Gemara - Rav Huna): A child that wants to convert - we immerse him (in a Mikveh to convert him) on the volition of Beis Din.
(c) Question: If he comes to teach that we may do something to benefit a person when he is not there - a Mishnah already teaches this!

1. (Mishnah): We benefit a person when he is not there, but we do not obligate a person when he is not there.

(d) Answer: We might have thought that conversion is not to his benefit, since he prefers immorality.

1. A slave prefers immorality!
2. Rav Huna teaches that this only applies to an adult, who has tasted immorality. A child has not, and conversion is advantageous for him.

(e) Suggestion: Our Mishnah supports Rav Huna - it deals with a convert less than 3 years old.

1. Isn't it the case that she was converted on the will of Beis Din?

(f) Rejection: No, she converted with her father - children are happy with what their parents do.

(a) (Rav Yosef): When a child convert grows up, he can renounce the conversion.
(b) Question (Abaye): Our Mishnah teaches that a girl who converts before 3 years, her Kesuvah is 200.

1. If she can renounce the conversion, would we give her a Kesuvah - she might return to being a Nachris and keep the money!
2. Answer: We do not give her the Kesuvah until she grows up.
3. Question: Still, she may renounce the conversion after she receives the Kesuvah!
4. Answer: If she does not renounce the conversion the moment she grows up, she cannot renounce it later.

(c) Question (Rava - Mishnah): If a man rapes a girl who converted before the age of 3, he pays her a fine.

1. If she can renounce the conversion, would we give her a fine - she might return to being a Nachris and keep the money!
2. Answer: We do not give her the fine until she grows up.
3. Question: Still, she may renounce the conversion after she receives the fine!
4. Answer: If she does not renounce the conversion the moment she grows up, she cannot renounce it later.

(d) Abaye did not ask Rava's question - he understood, we levy the fine (even though she may renounce the conversion) to punish the rapist for his sin.
(e) Rava did not ask Abaye's question - he understood, she has a Kesuvah (even though she may renounce the conversion) in order that it should not be light in her husband's eyes to divorce her.

(a) (Mishnah): A boy above 9 years that had relations with a girl less than 3, or a boy less than 9 years that had relations with a girl above 3, or a Mukas Etz: R. Meir says, her Kesuvah is 200; Chachamim say, the Kesuvah of a Mukas Etz is 100.
(b) A virgin who was widowed, divorced, or had Chalitzah after marriage, her Kesuvah is 100; the Chasan has no claim if she is not found to be a virgin.

(c) A girl that converts, is redeemed from captivity, or a slave that is freed: if she was above 3 years old at the time, her Kesuvah is 100, and the Chasan has no claim if she is not found to be a virgin.
(d) (Gemara - Rav Yehudah citing Rav): If a boy less than 9 who has relations with a girl above 3 , she becomes a Mukas Etz.
(e) (Rav Yehudah citing Shmuel): Whatever is not considered relations does not give her the status of Mukas Etz.
(f) Some versions quote Rav and Shmuel saying their laws themselves.
(g) Question (Rav Ushiya): Our Mishnah considers a boy less than 9 who has relations with a girl above 3 and a Mukas Etz as 2 different cases!
(h) Answer (Rava): Read the Mishnah thusly: a boy above 9 years that had relations with a girl less than 3 does not affect anything;

1. This is like sticking a finger in the eye - it causes it to tear, and the tears are replaced.

(i) A boy less than 9 years that had relations with a girl above 3, makes her a Mukas Etz: R. Meir and Chachamim argue on the Kesuvah of a Mukas Etz.

(a) (Rami Bar Chama): If the Chasan did not know at the time of Chupah that she is Mukas Etz, the Tana'im agree that she does not get any Kesuvah. The Tana'im only argue when the Chasan knew that she was Mukas Etz.

1. R. Meir considers Mukas Etz to be as a Bogeres; Chachamim consider her to be as a non-virgin.
2. R. Meir does not consider her as a non-virgin, since no action was done to her by man.
3. Chachamim do not consider her as a Bogeres, since an action was done to her.

(b) Question (Rav Nachman): A Mishnah teaches: A Chasan finds that she has no signs of virginity. She claims that she is Mukas Etz; the Chasan claims that she had relations. R. Gamliel and R. Eliezer say that she is believed.

1. (Apparently, she receives a Kesuvah! Rami Bar Chama is refuted.)

(c) (Rava): Whether or not the Chasan knew that she is Mukas Etz, R. Meir says that her Kesuvah is 200; Chachamim say, if he knew, she receives 100; if not, she receives nothing.
(d) Rava retracted from this, as we explain.
(e) (Beraisa): One who claims that his Kalah is not a virgin - if witnesses say that she had relations after the engagement, she receives a Kesuvah of 100.
(f) Question: If there are witnesses, she is stoned for adultery!
(g) Retraction: If there are witnesses that she had relations after the engagement, she is stoned; if she had relations before the engagement, she receives 100.

1. (R. Chiya Bar Avin): This shows that a Kalah who claimed to be a virgin and is found not to be a virgin receives a Kesuvah of 100.
2. Question (Rav Nachman): A Mishnah teaches, one who finds that the Kalah is not a virgin: she claims, I was raped after engagement, your field was flooded (it is your bad fortune); he claims, (perhaps) it happened before engagement, and the engagement was invalid, since he was deceived (so she receives no Kesuvah).
3. (R. Chiya Bar Avin): Rav Amram and the greatest sages of the generation answered this - the engagement is invalid, to say that the Kesuvah is not 200, but she receives a Kesuvah of 100!
4. (Rava): Rav Nachman's question is valid - saying that the engagement is invalid connotes that it is totally invalid!
5. Question: If so, this contradicts the Beraisa (if there are witnesses ...), which says that she receives 100!
6. Answer: That Beraisa had to be corrected; correct it to read, 'If there are witnesses that she had relations after the engagement, she is stoned; if she had relations before the engagement, she receives nothing; if she is Mukas Etz, she receives 100.'
7. Question: But Rava said, if she is found to be a Mukas Etz, Chachamim say that she receives nothing!
8. Answer: Rava retracted from that.

(h) (Beraisa): If a man had Chupah with a woman, and she has witnesses that they were not secluded long enough to have relations, when she remarries, the second husband cannot complain that she is not a virgin, since she already had Chupah.