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5) ONE THAT DOES NOT GIVE ENOUGH TZEDAKAH

(a) Answer #1: He did this for his own honor.
(b) Answer #2: He did not do as much as one of his wealth should do.

1. This is as people say - according to the size of the camel, so it can hold.

(c) R. Elazar Bar R. Tzadok: I swear, I saw her gathering barley amidst the hooves of horses in Ako.

1. "If you will not know (to go in Hash-m's ways) ... go in the footsteps of the flock and pasture Gediyosayich (your goats)" - read it as Geviyosayich (your bodies).

(a) (R. Shemen Bar Aba): If she brings in gold, we appraise it, and he writes in the Kesuvah the appraised value.
(b) Question (Beraisa): Gold is as vessels.

1. Suggestion: Gold is as silver vessels that depreciate (and he writes only 4/5 of the appraised value).

(c) Answer #1: No, they are as gold vessels.

1. Question #1: If so, it should say, they are as *its* vessels!
2. Question #2 (Beraisa): Gold is as vessels; gold Dinars are silver coins; R. Shimon Ben Gamliel says, where they are not commonly changed, they are appraised, and he writes the appraised value in the Kesuvah.

i. Question: On which law is R. Shimon Ben Gamliel commenting?
ii. Suggestion: If on the latter law - the first Tana would not say that they are as silver coins, since they are not spendable!
iii. Rather, we must say, he speaks on the 1st law - the 1st Tana says that gold is as silver coins, R. Shimon Ben Gamliel says it is as gold coins where they are not changed!

3. Answer #1 (to Question #2): Really, R. Shimon Ben Gamliel speaks on the latter law; the case is, the coins may be spent with difficulty.

i. The 1st Tana says, since they may be changed, he writes in the Kesuvah 1/3 above their value; R. Shimon Ben Gamliel says, since they may only be spent with difficulty, he only writes their value.

4. Answer #2: The entire Beraisa is as R. Shimon Ben Gamliel: Gold is as vessels; gold coins are as silver coins - but this only applies where they are commonly changed;

i. Where they are not changed, they are written in the Kesuvah as their value.

5. Question #1 remains difficult.

(d) Answer #2 (to Question c): The Beraisa speaks of fine pieces of gold, which depreciate.
(e) Answer #3 (Rav Ashi): The Beraisa speaks of gold particles (Rashi; Tosfos - gold ore).
(f) (R. Yanai): Perfumes of Antichi - a woman may collect her Kesuvah from them.
(g) (R. Shmuel Bar Nachmani): Camels of Araviya - a woman may collect her Kesuvah from them.
(h) (Rav Papi): Garments of Bei Michsi -a woman may collect her Kesuvah from them.
(i) (Rav Papi): Sacks of Rodiya, and ropes of Kimchoniya -a woman may collect her Kesuvah from them.
(j) (Rava): I used to say, a woman may collect her Kesuvah from a wallet full of coins in Mechuza - because they rely on collecting from them,

1. Once I saw that they use the money to buy land, I realized that they rely on land, and may only collect from land.

(a) (Mishnah): One who marries off his daughter without stipulation - he must give at least 50 Zuz; if he stipulated that he will marry her off bare, the husband may not say, when I bring her to my house, I will clothe her - rather, he clothes her while she is in her father's house;
(b) Similarly, (a Gabai Tzedakah) who marries off an orphan girl must give at least 50 Zuz; if there is money in the wallet, she is given according to her honor.
(c) (Gemara - Abaye): These 50 Zuz are simple (i.e. 1/8 silver).

1. We know this from the end of the Mishnah - if there is money in the wallet, she is given according to her honor.

i. (Rachbah): The wallet referred to is the Tzedakah fund.

2. We would not give 50 all-silver Zuz from Tzedakah!

(a) (Beraisa): 2 orphans, a boy and a girl, come to be fed. We feed the girl first, then the boy, since it is natural for a man to beg from door to door, but not for a woman.

(b) (Beraisa): 2 orphans, a boy and a girl, come to be married. We marry the girl first, then the boy, since the shame of a woman is greater than that of a man.
(c) (Beraisa): An orphan that comes to get married, first we rent a house for him, supply a covered bed, and all needed vessels, then we marry him.

1. "Sufficient to what he lacks, that is lacking to him" - "Sufficient to what he lacks", this is a house; "that is lacking" - this is a bed and table";
2. "To him" - this is a wife, as it says, "I will make to him a helper corresponding to him".

(d) (Beraisa): "Sufficient to what he lacks" - you are commanded to finance him, you are not commanded to make him wealthy; "that is lacking to him" - even a horse to ride on, and a slave to run in front of him.

1. There was a poor man that was born to a rich family. Hillel bought for him a horse to ride on and a slave o run in front of him. Once, he did not find a slave to run in front of him; Hillel ran 3 Milin in front of him.

(e) (Beraisa): There was a case in the upper Galil, a man born to a rich family became poor. They bought for him 1 Litra of meat each day.
(f) Question: What is so special about that?
(g) Answer #1 (Rav Huna): It was a Litra of fowl.
(h) Answer #2: They bought meat *with* a Litra of coins.
(i) Answer #3 (Rav Ashi): It was a small village; every day, they slaughtered an animal for him (even though much of the remaining meat would be wasted).
(j) A man came in front of R. Nechemyah.

1. R. Nechemyah: What do you normally eat?
2. The man: Fat meat and old wine.
3. R. Nechemyah: I have lentils - would you like to eat with me?
4. The man ate some of the lentils and died.
5. R. Nechemyah: Woe to him, that I killed him.
6. Question: R. Nechemyah should lament over himself, that he killed him!
7. Answer: The man was at fault, for making himself so finicky.

(k) A man came in front of Rava.

1. Rava: What do you normally eat?
2. The man: Fattened chickens and old wine.
3. Rava: Are you not concerned for imposing on the money of the congregation?
4. The man: Do I eat from them?! I eat from Hash-m!

i. (Beraisa): "The eyes of all hope to you, and you give them their food in his time" - it does not say, in *their* time, rather in *his* time, teaching that Hash-m gives each one his food in his time.

5. In the meantime, Rava's sister came; he had not seen her in 13 years. She brought with her fatted chicken and old wine.
6. Rava: I have spoken too much - come eat!

(l) (Beraisa - R. Meir): If a person lacks, and does not want to receive Tzedakah, we give him as a loan, and later as a gift; Chachamim say, we give him as a gift, and later as a loan.

1. Question: But the case is, he will not take a gift!
2. Answer (Rava): We offer him a gift.

(m) (Beraisa - continuation): If he has money, but refuses to spend it and starves himself, because he wants to be supported by Tzedakah - we give him a gift, and later collect it from him.

1. Question: If so, he will not take again!
2. Answer (Rav Papa): We only collect it after he dies.

(n) (Beraisa - continuation): R. Shimon says, we have no responsibility for a man that has money and will not spend it;
(o) If he does not have, and does not want to take - we say, 'Give us a pledge and we will lend you', to assuage his mind.
(p) (Beraisa - R. Yehudah): "Lend" - This refers to a man that lacks, and does not want to receive Tzedakah, we give him a loan, and later, a gift;

1. "You will lend him" - This refers to a man that has, but will not spend it because he wants to receive Tzedakah - we give him a gift, and collect from him after he dies;
2. Chachamim say, we have no responsibility for such a person.
3. Question: If so, what is learned from the extra language, "Lend, you will lend him"?
4. Answer: The Torah speaks as people do (the doubled language is a normal way of speaking - it does not teach anything).

(a) There was a poor man in Mar Ukva's neighborhood; each day, Mar Ukva used to throw 4 Zuz in the hole where his door swings.

1. One day, the man decided to see who was giving him the money. That day, Mar Ukva was late returning from the Beis Medrash; his wife accompanied him.
2. When the man saw that they were leaning by the door, he ran after them. They fled, and entered an oven from which the coals had been swept.
3. Mar Ukva's feet were getting burnt. His wife (whose feet were fine) told him to put his feet on hers; he was troubled (that he did not merit a miracle as his wife).
4. His wife: I am home all day (to give to the poor); also, I give food, which they may enjoy immediately.

(b) Question: Why did they go to such extremes so the poor man should not see them?
(c) Answer: (Mar Zutra Bar Tuvya): It is better for a person to allow people to put him in a furnace, than to make someone blush.

1. This is learned from Tamar - "She was being taken out (to be burned)".

(d) Mar Ukva used to give 400 Zuz to a particular poor person every Erev Yom Kipur. Once, he sent the money with his son.

1. His son: He does not need the money.
2. Mar Ukva: What did you see?
3. His son: They were scenting the house by sprinkling old wine on the floor.
4. Mar Ukva: I didn't know they were so delicate!

i. Mar Ukva sent double the amount he used to send.

(e) When Mar Ukva was dying, he asked to see his Tzedakah records; it said, he had given 7000 Si'anki Dinars.

1. Mar Ukva: I have sparse provisions for a long journey!

i. He gave half his money for Tzedakah.

2. Question: But R. Ilai taught, it was enacted in Usha, a person should not give more than 1/5 of his money for Tzedakah!
3. Answer: That only applies during his life, lest he come to need; this is not a concern when he dies!

(f) R. Aba used to wrap coins in a garment and throw them behind him. He would go where the poor were, and watch that tricksters should not take the money for themselves.
(g) R. Chanina used to give 4 Zuz to a certain man every Erev Shabbos. Once, he sent the money with his wife.
(h) His wife: He does not need the money.
(i) R. Chanina: What did you see?
(j) His wife: I heard them saying, on what should we dine today - on linen cloths, or colored silk cloths?