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1) HOW MANY PEOPLE MUST ATTEND A FUNERAL

(a) (Beraisa): We stop learning Torah to accompany a deceased, or a bride; R. Yehudah Bar Ilai did so.
(b) This does not apply if enough people already accompany him.
(c) Question: What is the proper amount?

1. Answer#1 (Rav Shmuel Bar Inya): 12,000 men and 6,000 shofar blowers; some say, the 6,000 are included in the 12,000.
2. Answer#2 (Ula): Enough to make a wall from the city to the cemetery.
3. Answer#3 (Rav Sheshes): The taking of Torah should be as its giving, in front of 600,000.
4. This applies to one who learned; there is no limit to the proper amount for one who taught.

(a) (Beraisa - R. Shimon Bar Yochai): Yisrael is so dear to Hashem, wherever we are exiled, the Divine presence accompanies us.

1. In Egypt - "I was revealed to your father's house in Egypt".
2. Bavel - "For your sake, I was sent to Bavel".
3. Hashem will return with us in the future redemption - "He will return with our captivity", not 'will make return'.

(b) Question: Where in Bavel is the Divine Presence?

1. Answer (Abaye): It alternates between the shuls of Hutzal and Shaf v'Yasiv.
2. Abaye: When I am within a Parsa, I go to pray there.
3. Shmuel's father and Levi were in the shul of Shaf v'Yasiv in Nehardai. The Divine Presence came. They heard a noise and left.
4. A similar episode occurred to Rav Sheshes; he did not leave. Angels came and frightened him. He said, Hashem, who is pushed aside, the lowly one or the one that is not lowly? (He was blind). Hashem told the angels to leave him.

(c) "I will be to them a small Mikdash" - what is this?

1. Opinion#1 (R. Yitzchak): these are shuls and Batei Midrash in Bavel.
2. Opinion#2 (R. Elazar): This is the house of Rav in Bavel.
3. "Hashem was a dwelling place for us" - (Rava): these are shuls and Batei Midrash in Bavel.

(d) (Abaye): I used to learn at home and daven in shul. Upon contemplating David's words, "Hashem, I love your dwelling", I will learn in shul.
(e) (Beraisa - R. Eliezer ha'Kapar): In the future, shuls of Bavel will be fixed in Eretz Yisrael.
(f) "*Gavnunim* (mountains)" - (Bar Kapara): The other mountains are blemished (Gavnun) compared to Sinai (which is the lowest), therefore, the Torah could not be given on them.

1. (Rav Ashi): We see, haughtiness is a blemish.

(g) (Mishnah): We do not use a shul to be a shortcut.
(h) (R. Avahu): If there used to be a path there, it is permitted.
(i) (Rav Nachman Bar Yitzchak): If one entered for a different reason, he may use it as a shortcut.

1. (R. Chelbo): "They enter in the north to bow, and leave in the south".

(j) (Mishnah): If weeds grow, we do not cut them, to cause grief.
(k) Question: A Beraisa says that we may not cut them and feed them (to animals), but we may cut them and leave them!
(l) Answer: Also the Mishnah only prohibited cutting them to feed them.
(m) (Beraisa): We do not act frivolously in a cemetery: we do not graze animals, we do not route an irrigation ditch through it, we do not gather weeds in it; if gathered, they are burned in place, for the honor of the deceased.

1. Question: If 'for the honor of the deceased' refers to burning the weeds - what honor is this?
2. Answer: 'The honor of the deceased' refers to not acting frivolously.

(a) (Mishnah): When Rosh Chodesh Adar falls on Shabbos, we read Parshas Shekalim; if it falls during the week, we read the previous week, and the next week has no special Parsha.
(b) The 2nd week, we read Parshas Zachor; the 3rd, the Parsha of the red heifer; the 4th, "This month is to you"; the 5th week, we resume the normal order.
(c) We break for all of these: Rosh Chodesh, Chanukah, Purim, fasts, Ma'amados, and Yom Kipur.
(d) (Gemara): A Mishnah teaches that we announce about Shekalim and Kilayim on Rosh Chodesh Adar.

1. We understand, this is the time when Kilayim sprouts.
2. Question: Why is this the time to announce about Shekalim?
3. Answer (R. Tavi): "This is the Olah of the month *b'Chadsho* (in its month)" - Chadesh (bring sacrifices from new money).
4. Since the new Shekels are needed for Nisan, we announce on the 1st of Adar.

(e) Suggestion: This is unlike R. Shimon Ben Gamliel.

1. (Beraisa): We teach laws of Pesach 30 days before Pesach; R. Shimon Ben Gamliel says, 2 weeks.

(f) Rejection: This can be like R. Shimon Ben Gamliel - (money-changers') tables are set up on the 15th outside the Temple, and on the 25th in the Temple - we read 2 weeks before the tables are set up.
(g) Question: What is Parshas Shekalim?

1. Answer#1 (Rav): "Tzav" (the Tamid offering).
2. Answer#2 (Shmuel): "Ki Tisa" (the Mitzvah to donate half-Shekels).

(h) Question: According to Rav, why is it called Parshas Shekalim?
(i) Answer: As R. Tavi (the Tamid is bought from the Shekalim).
(j) According to Rav, we understand the connection of Parshas Shekalim to sacrifices (as R. Tavi).

1. Question: According to Shmuel, how does Parshas Shekalim relate to the sacrifices (which is why we read it close to Nisan - the half-Shekels were given for the sockets of the Mishkan, not for the sacrifices themselves!)?
2. Answer: As Rav Yosef taught, 3 collections were made - for the sacrifices, for the sockets, and for Bedek ha'Bayis.

(k) According to Rav, why does the Mishnah mention Rosh Chodesh Adar on Shabbos - every Rosh Chodesh which falls on Shabbos, we read "Tzav"!
(l) Answer: On other Roshei Chadashim, 6 read from the weekly Parsha, and 1 in "Tzav". On Rosh Chodesh Adar, all read in "Tzav".

1. The opinion that says that we break from reading the usual weekly Parsha may answer thusly.
2. Question: The opinion that says that we read the weekly Parsha (and omit the usual Haftorah) - how can he answer?
3. Answer: This Rosh Chodesh, 3 read from the weekly Parsha, and 4 read from "Tzav".

(m) Question (Beraisa): When Rosh Chodesh Adar is on Shabbos, we read Parshas Shekalim, and Yehoyadah ha'Kohen as the Haftorah.

1. The Haftorah is similar to Ki Tisa - both deal with redeeming people with money.
2. If Parshas Shekalim is Tzav, how does the Haftorah relate to the Parsha?
3. Answer: As R. Tavi (The Tamid comes from our Shekels, which are a redemption).

(n) Question (Beraisa): When the normal weekly Parsha is the previous or following week, we repeat it.

1. Adar is the time for Ki Tisa, but not for Tzav!
2. Answer: It is, in Eretz Yisrael, where they take 3 years to read the Torah.

(o) (Beraisa): When Rosh Chodesh Adar falls on Shabbos, we read Ki Tisa; the Haftorah is Yehoyadah ha'Kohen. This is as Shmuel.
(p) (R. Yitzchak Nafcha): When Rosh Chodesh Adar falls on Shabbos, we take out 3 Torahs: in one, we read the weekly Parsha; in one, the offering of Rosh Chodesh; and in one, Parshas Shekalim.
(q) (R. Yitzchak Nafcha): When Rosh Chodesh Teves falls on Shabbos, we take out 3 Torahs: in one, we read the weekly Parsha; in one, the offering of Rosh Chodesh; and in one, Chanukas ha'Mizbayach.

1. He needed to say both teachings. If he only taught the latter, I might think that the law is like Rav, and only 2 Torahs are needed when Rosh Chodesh Adar is on Shabbos. (since the reading for Rosh Chodesh is in Tzav).
2. Question: Why did he need to teach the 2nd, let him say just the 1st?
3. Admission: He did not teach the 2nd, it was deduced from the 1st.

(r) (R. Yitzchak Nafcha): When Rosh Chodesh Teves falls on a weekday, 3 people read the Parsha of Rosh Chodesh, and one, Chanukas ha'Mizbayach.

1. (Rav Dimi of Chaifa): 3 read from Chanukas ha'Mizbayach, and one, Rosh Chodesh!
2. (R. Mani): Presumably, R. Yitzchak Nafcha is correct - Rosh Chodesh is preferred, since it comes more often.
3. (R. Avin): Presumably, Rav Dimi is correct - the 4th reader is due to Rosh Chodesh, therefore, he should read about Rosh Chodesh.
4. Conclusion (Rav Yosef): We do not emphasize Rosh Chodesh.
5. Rabah: We do not emphasize Chanukah.
6. The law is as Rabah. (R. Yitzchak Nafcha): If the weekly portion of Parshas Shekalim is "v'Ata Tetzaveh", 6 read v'Ata Tetzaveh, and the last reads "Ki Tisa".