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Pesachim 48

1) [line 9] CHILUK MELACHOS L'SHABBOS
(a) If a person transgresses any Melachah of Shabbos alone, he must bring a Korban Chatas (and one does not need to transgress *all* of the Melachos in order to be Chayav to bring one Korban).
(b) If a person transgresses two (or more) Melachos during the same He'elem (period of forgetfullness) or one Melachah in two He'elemos, he must bring two (or more) Korbenos Chatas.

2) [line 16] KOL CHADA V'CHADA CHAZYA LEI L'DIDEI - each individual dough that he places in the oven is fit for his own personal use, since it is possible to say about each one, "this one may not be the Matzah that will be designated as Chalah"

3) [line 22] MILSA D'KASHYA LAN V'ASYA KAMAH SHENEI - a matter that we have found difficult for a number of years

4) [line 30] MECHILTA ACHARISI - another collection of Beraisos
5) [line 32] KABAYIN - two Kav measures
6a) [line 35] CHASICHASA - poor wheat
b) [line 35] MA'ALYASA - good wheat
7) [last line] KABA MELOGNA'AH - a Kav of Meloga, a place in Bavel

48b---------------------------------------48b

8) [line 1] CHAMESHES REVA'IM - five quarters of a Log Tziporis, which is the Shi'ur of flour that requires Chalah to be separated with a Berachah (a volume of 43.2 Beitzim of flour, which is about 10 1/2 cups or 2.48 liters)

9) [line 4] KEFIZA KEFIZA - three Lugin at a time
10) [line 10] KA'ACHIN - (O.F. kiles) loaves that are long and narrow that do not touch each other when they are baked

11) [line 11] LEVIZBEZIN - raised edges, rims
12) [line 17] TAFACH - if [she feels that] it is starting to rise
13) [line 17] TILTOSH B'TZONEN - she should slap her hand in cold water and rub it on the dough (to prevent leavening)

14a) [line 18] LASHAH, HI MEKATEFES, V'CHAVERTAH LASHAH TACHTEHA - as soon as the first woman finishes kneading and starts to shape (O.F. entorter) her Matzos, the second woman starts to knead her dough
b) [line 18] MEKATEFES, HI OFAH, V'CHAVERTAH MEKATEFES TACHTEHA, VEHA'SHELISHIS LASHAH - as soon as the first woman finishes shaping her Matzos and starts to bake them, the second woman starts to shape her Matzos, and the third woman starts to knead her dough

15) [line 24] SI'UR (The beginning of the process of leavening) /
SIDUK (Cracks in the dough - the completion of the leavening process)

(a) As dough becomes Chametz it goes through a number of stages. 1. First it becomes pale like the appearance of a man whose hair stands on end out of fright. 2. It then starts to form thin cracks on its surface, which look like locusts' antennae (Karnei Chagavim). 3. Next the cracks begin to multiply and run into each other.
(b) The Tana'im argue as to which stage is called "Si'ur," which necessitates that the dough be burned and is Asur b'Hana'ah and which stage is considered "Siduk," which is not only Asur b'Hana'ah but also punishable with Kares if eaten. Si'ur is considered inedible (Chametz Nuksheh), since the dough has not completed its fermentation, and therefore one who eats it is not punished with Kares.
(c) Rebbi Meir calls stage 1. Si'ur and maintains that it is already leavened but since at this point it is not fit to be eaten, one receives lashes for eating it, instead of Kares. He calls stage 2. Siduk, which *is* punishable by Kares.
Rebbi Yehudah maintains that stage 1. is still Matzah mid'Oraisa, and is prohibited only mid'Rabanan. He calls stage 2. Si'ur and maintains that it must be destroyed before Pesach but if one eats it he is exempt from Kares. Stage (3) is Siduk, which is punishable by Kares.

16) [line 25] KARNEI CHAGAVIM - locusts' antennae
17) [line 27] SHE'HICHSIFU PANAV - pale like the appearance of a man whose hair stands on end out of fright

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