POINT BY POINT SUMMARY
by Rabbi Ephraim Becker
Kollel Iyun Hadaf, Yerushalayim
Rosh Kollel: Rabbi Mordecai Kornfeld
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Pesachim 95
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Pesachim 81 - 95: We are grateful to Mr. Mark Frankel of Queens, N.Y. for
suggesting the idea of "Point by Point Summaries" and sponsoring its initial
two weeks -- Tizkeh l'Mitzvos!
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1) MISHNA: DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES BETWEEN PESACH RISHON AND SHENI
(a) Pesach Rishon has the restriction of Chametz, not the Sheni.
(b) Pesach Rishon has Hallel, not the Sheni.
(c) Both require Hallel when they are sacrificed.
(d) Both must be roasted and eaten with Matzah and Maror.
(e) Both override the Shabbos.
2) "MITZVOS SHEB'GUFO"
(a) We learn that only Mitzvos in, and surrounding, the Korban Pesach
are relevant to Pesach Sheni, not incidental ones (understood from
the particular restriction against breaking bones).
(b) Question: Why did we need a Pasuk to exclude the incidental
Mitzvos; the word "It" already taught us only Mitzvos Sheb'gufo?
(c) Answer: Once Matzos U'm'rorim takes us away from the strict
definition of "b'Gufo" we might think we are dealing with a Prat
U'Klal (and thus *all* Mitzvos are to be added).
(d) Question: What will Isi b. Yehudah do with the Pasuk of "Etzem?"
(e) Answer: To equate bones containing marrow with those without.
(f) Question: For what do the Rabanan use "Ya'asu Oso?"
(g) Answer: It teaches that at least two people must bring Korban.
3) KLAL U'FRAT / PRAT U'CHLAL
(a) "Kechol Chukas HaPesach" (Klal), linking Pesach Sheni to Rishon.
(b) "Al Matzos U'm'rorim" (Prat) - Chametz is not prohibited.
(c) "Lo Yash'iru Mimenu" (Prat) - includes similar Lo Sa'aseh.
(d) "Etzem Lo Sishberu" (Prat) - provides all other Lo Sa'aseh.
(e) "Matzos U'm'rorim" (when acting as a Klal) includes Tzli Eish.
When it acts as a Prat, it excludes Hashbosas Seor.
(f) Question: Maybe it is the reverse?
(g) Answer: It seems more likely to include Mitzvos Sheb'gufo (Tzli
Eish) than Mitzvos Shelo B'gufo such as Hashbosas Seor.
(h) "Lo Yash'iru" (acting as a Klal) - includes the prohibition of
taking it out of the home. When it acts as a Prat it excludes the
prohibition of Bal Yira'eh u'Val Yimatzeh.
(i) Question: Maybe it is the reverse?
(j) Answer: It seems more likely to include Mitzvos Sheb'gufo.
95b---------------------------------------95b
(k) "Etzem Lo Sishberu" (as a Klal) includes the prohibition against
eating the Korban half-roasted. As a Prat it excludes the
prohibition against Schechting while there is Chametz around.
(l) Question: Maybe it is the reverse?
(m) Answer: It seems more likely to include Mitzvos Sheb'gufo.
4) HALLEL
(a) Question: What is the source for not saying Hallel on the Sheni?
(b) Answer: The Shirah only applies to the night Mekudash L'chag.
(c) Question: What is the source for saying Hallel during Shechitah?
(d) Answer #1: We excluded the *night* of Pesach Sheni, not the day.
(e) Answer #2: How could it be that the People would *not* say Hallel
during the performance of such Mitzvos (Pesach, Lulav).
5) TUMAH BY PESACH SHENI
(a) The Mishna did not mention that the Pesach Sheni overrides Tumah.
(b) The Mishna does not follow R. Yehudah who holds that Pesach Sheni
does override Tumah.
1. The Tana Kama holds it unreasonable that the Pesach Sheni,
which was only brought because of Tumah should be, itself,
brought b'Tumah.
2. R. Yehudah holds that it is another *opportunity* to bring the
Korban b'Taharah, but, if not, it is brought b'Tumah.
(c) The Bereisa teaches that:
1. Pesach Rishon and Sheni override Tumah, and;
2. They both require staying overnight in Jerusalem.
(d) Question: The Tumah law means the Bereisa must be R. Yehudah, but
we know that he does *not* require overnight by Pesach Sheni?!
(e) Answer: There is a Machlokes Tana'im over R. Yehudah's opinion.
6) MISHNA: TAMEI PEOPLE EATING PESACH RISHON BROUGHT B'TUMAH
(a) Zavin, Zavos, Nidos and Yoldos do not eat from such a Pesach.
(b) If they do, they are not Chayav Kares.
(c) [R. Eliezer] They are even Patur from the Kares of Bi'as Mikdash.
7) SOURCES FOR OUR MISHNA
(a) The Bereisa derives that the Tamei people listed above are not
Chayav (only that which may be eaten by Tehorim can cause Kares to
those who are Tamei).
(b) R. Eliezer extends the exemption to Bi'as Mikdash (only when the
Tamei Mes is sent out do we send out the Zav and Metzora).
(c) Question [R. Yosef]: What if those who are Tamei Mes went into the
Heichal (is only the Azarah permitted)?
(d) Answer #1 [Rava]: There is a concept of restriction even from part
of a Machaneh (strict opinion).
(e) Answer #2 [Rava]: The restriction within a Machaneh begins only
when they are sent from that Machaneh (lenient opinion).
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