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1) THE ORDER OF BERACHOS IN KIDUSH/HAVDALAH

(a) [Rav] The order is YKN"H.
(b) [Shmuel] The order is YNH"K.
(c) [Rabah] The order is YHN"K.
(d) [Levi] The order is KNY"H.
(e) [Rabanan] The order is KYN"H.
(f) [Mar b. Ravna] The order is NKY"H.
(g) [Marsa citing R. Yehoshua] The order is NYH"K.
(h) [Rebbi (citing R. Yishmael who cited his father R. Yosi who, in turn, cited R. Yehoshua b. Chanina) in response to the question posed by the father of Shmuel] The order is NHY"K.

1. The order of R. Yehoshua b. Chanina may be compared to a king leaving and a governor entering.
2. One first escorts the departing king (Shabbos), and then goes to greet the governor (YomTov).

(i) Question: What (Halachic) decisions were made?
(j) Answer [Abaye]: YKZN"H.
(k) Answer [Rava]: YKNH"Z (and the law follows Rava).

(a) R. Huna reported that Rava made the Berachah for Besamim and then Maor.
(b) Question: But according to both Beis Shamai and Beis Hillel Maor should come first!?

1. Beis Shamai says the order is Maor, Birkas HaMazon, Besamim and Havdalah.
2. Beis Hillel holds Maor, Besamim, Birkas HaMazon, Havdalah.

(c) Answer: That is the opinion of R. Meir, while R. Yehudah understands the dispute between them as being over Besamim and Maor (there is no dispute that Birkas HaMazon is first and Havdalah is last).

1. Beis Shamai holds Maor then Besamim.
2. Beis Hillel holds Besamim then Maor.

(d) [R. Yochanan] People are accustomed to follow Beis Hillel as understood by R. Yehudah.

(a) R. Yakov b. Aba reported that Rava made a Berachah over Birkas HaMazon after having made a Berachah over Kidush.
(b) Question: Why was this second Berachah needed?
(c) Answer: This was done in the home of the Reish Gelusa.
(d) Question: But there we were uncertain that there would be any more wine!?
(e) Answer: The second Berachah is in accordance with the students of Rav.

1. They asked the Shamash for wine for Birkas HaMazon and then decided to drink the wine (as part of the meal) instead.
2. The Shamash cited Rav as saying that having declared their conclusion of the meal they have put the meal out of their minds and must recite Birkas HaMazon.

(f) During a meal they shared together (served by R. Acha b. Rava):

1. Ameimar recited a Berachah on every cup of wine.
2. Mar Zutra recited a Berachah on the first and last cups.
3. Rav Ashi recited a Berachah on the first cup only.

(g) Each explained his position to R. Acha b. Rava:

1. Ameimar made a fresh decision to drink each cup.
2. Mar Zutra followed the students of Rav (above).
3. Rav Ashi demonstrated that the Halachah is not like the students of Rav, from the fact that Rav holds YKN"H.

(i) That case involved a mental cessation from the meal.
(ii) YKN"H does not show a different position of Rav.

(a) When Rava was ready for Havdalah his attendant lit a torch.
(b) Question: Why is this needed (the lamp is lit before us)!?
(c) Answer: The attendant acted on his own.

1. Question: You (Rava) must have told him to do so (how else would he have thought to light it)?
2. Answer: A torch for Havdalah is, indeed, the best way to do the Mitzvah.

(d) Rava included in his Berachah four types of separation.
(e) Question: Why are so many types needed (Kodesh l'Chol is enough)?
(f) Answer: Three types is a minimum, and seven is a maximum.