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Rosh Hashanah 14

ROSH HASHANAH 12, 13, 14, 15 (3-6 Menachem Av) - dedicated by the wife and daughters of the late Dr. Simcha Bekelnitzky (Simcha Gedalya ben Shraga Feibush) of Queens N.Y. on his upcoming second Yarzeit (7 Av). Well known in the community for his Chesed and Tzedakah, he will be remembered by all who knew him.

1) [line 23] BETZALIM HA'SARISIN - (O.F. civot) cibols (a type of small- bulbed onion cultivated in various parts of Europe)

2) [line 24] POL HA'MITZRI - (a) the Egyptian bean (colocasia); (b) (O.F. feisol) the haricot bean

14b---------------------------------------14b

3) [line 6] UL'REVA'I (NETA REVA'I)
(a) In the first three years after a tree is planted, its fruits are called Orlah and are Asurim b'Hana'ah, as it states in Vayikra 19:23. The fruits of the fourth year are called Neta Reva'i and are Kodesh (holy) (ibid. 19:24). They must be brought to and eaten b'Taharah in Yerushalayim. Alternatively, the fruits may be redeemed (Pidyon), in which case the money used to redeem them is brought to Yerushalayim. The food that is bought with this money is Kodesh like Neta Reva'i and must be eaten b'Taharah in Yerushalayim.
(b) The Gemara records an argument as to whether the laws of Neta Reva'i apply to all fruits or only to grapes (Kerem Reva'i). The Halachah in Eretz Yisrael follows the opinion that the laws of Neta Reva'i apply to all fruits (SHULCHAN ARUCH Yoreh De'ah 294:6).
(c) With regard to fruits that grew outside of Eretz Yisrael, there are three opinions: 1. RABEINU YONAH to Berachos 35a, quoting RI HA'ZAKEN, states that they have the same Halachah as fruits in Eretz Yisrael, and require Pidyon; 2. The RAMBAM (Hilchos Ma'achalos Asuros 10:15) rules that they do not require Pidyon; 3. GE'ONIM, TOSFOS Berachos 35a DH u'Leman and ROSH to Berachos 35a explain that the rule, "the Halachah in Chutz la'Aretz follows the opinion of those who hold the lenient opinion in Eretz Yisrael" applies to Neta Reva'i. The lenient opinion is Kerem Reva'i, where the laws of Kedushah and Pidyon apply only to grapes. Accordingly, only fourth-year *grapes* need Pidyon.
(d) The SHACH (Yoreh De'ah 294:17) concludes that *all* fourth-year fruits of Chutz la'Aretz should be redeemed without a Berachah in Chutz la'Aretz. The Vilna Ga'on (ibid. 294:28) rules like the third opinion, 3., in which case only grapes need Pidyon in Chutz la'Aretz, and a Berachah is recited on their Pidyon.

4) [line 7] BI'SHE'AS LIKUTO ISURO - it year of Ma'aser is determined by when it is picked

*5*) [line 19] B'ECHAD BI'SHEVAT? K'VEIS SHAMAI NAHAG BAH?! - he picked it on the first of Shevat [and he considered that to be the beginning of a new year]? Did he then rule like Beis Shamai?!

6) [line 23] KEROCH V'TANI - usually this means, "Put the statements together (lit. wrap) and learn as follows..." According to Ravina in our Sugya, however, some words of Rebbi Yosi bar Yehudah are missing, and therefore this means, "Add on a segment to the Beraisa and learn as follows: *The incident did not take place on the first of Shevat, but rather on the fifteenth*. And Rebbi Akiva did not act according to the opinions of Beis Shamai and Beis Hillel, but rather according to the opinions of Raban Gamliel and Rebbi Eliezer... (Thus Tana Kama and Rebbi Yosi bar Yehudah argue on two points instead of one.)

7) [last line] MA'ASER RISHON/MA'ASER SHENI/MA'ASER ANI
(a) After a crop is harvested and brought to the owner's house or yard, he must separate Terumah from the crop and give it to a Kohen. Although the Torah does not specify the amount to be given, the Rabanan set the requirement at one fiftieth of the total crop.
(b) After Terumah is removed from the produce, the first tithe to be given every year is called Ma'aser Rishon; one tenth of the produce must be given to a Levi.
(c) A second tithe is given every year after Ma'aser Rishon has been separated. The tithe that is separated in the third and sixth years of the 7-year Shemitah cycle is called Ma'aser Ani and is given to the poor.
(d) The tithe that is separated during the first, second, fourth and fifth years is called *Ma'aser Sheni*. The Torah requires that Ma'aser Sheni be brought and eaten by its owner in Yerushalayim.
(e) Alternatively, Ma'aser Sheni produce may be redeemed, in which case the money used to redeem it is brought to Yerushalayim. If the owner himself redeems the produce, he must add an additional *fifth* (of the ensuing total, or a *quarter* of the original value). The food that is bought with this money in Yerushalayim becomes Kodesh like Ma'aser Sheni and must be eaten b'Taharah. Ma'aser Sheni that was redeemed by anyone besides the owner is exempt from the additional fifth.

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