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1) [line 26] HA'PESULIM - the people who are disqualified to judge or to give testimony
2a) [line 26] HA'MESACHEK B'KUVYA - a person who gambles with dice (or other
forms of gambling -- RAMBAM Hilchos Edus 10:4) as his only livelihood
3) [line 27] SOCHAREI SHEVI'IS 4) [line 31] EDUS ISHAH (testimony to permit a widow to remarry) Although the Torah normally requires two male witnesses in order to confirm a fact through testimony, the Rabanan allowed a woman to remarry based on the testimony of even a single witness who testifies that her husband has died, even if the witness is a woman or a slave. 5) [line 34] V'IM TZODEH LAHEM - and if there is an ambush of Minim (heretics) or Baisusim lying in wait for them *6*) [line 36] SHE'AL MAHALACH LAILAH V'YOM - that is, *and* for a distance that can be walked in one night and one day
7) [line 43] BAISUSIM
*8*) [line 13] IY HACHI, MAI L'MEIMRA - that is, there is no question that a witness should be permitted to be Mechalel Shabbos to testify even though he is not certain that he will find a second witness. If it were not permitted, it would *never* be permissible to be Mechalel Shabbos, since a witness can never know *for sure* that the court will accept his testimony (TOSFOS). 9) [line 29] MA'ALEH ADUMIM - the road that ascends from the plains of Yericho to Yerushalayim, roughly in the location of the present-day road
10) [line 29] RAVUTZ - crouching 14) [line 36] MASI'IN MASU'OS - messengers lifted lighted torches on the peaks of mountains between Yerushalayim and Bavel to notify Benei Yisrael of the proclamation of the new month 15) [line 36] MISHE'KILKELU HA'KUSIM - after the Kusim sabotaged this arrangement by lighting fires even when the new month had not been proclaimed 16) [line 38] KELUNSA'OS SHEL EREZ - poles of cedar wood (O.F. perches - poles) 17) [line 38] ATZEI SHEMEN - (a) wood of the balsam tree (GEMARA here and Bava Basra 80b); (b) wood of the pine tree (RALBAG to Melachim I 6:23, MEIRI Avodah Zarah 13b, RADAK to Yeshayah 41:19) 18) [line 38] NE'ORES SHEL PISHTAN - the coarse, broken fibers of flax that are separated after having been thoroughly beaten
19) [line 39] MESHICHAH - (O.F. linoel) linen thread, string 24) [line 42] CHAVRAN - also Auran, a mountain located in the country east of the Jordan River named Aurantis
25) [line 42] BEIS BALTIN - Biram, between Syria and Mesopotamia 29) [line 46] L'OR IBURO - on the night between the 30th and 31st day from the start of the previous month 30) [last line] AFUKEI SHABATA - (lit. Motza'ei Shabbos) Saturday night
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