ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS
prepared by Rabbi Eliezer Chrysler
Kollel Iyun Hadaf, Jerusalem
Previous daf
Sanhedrin 112
SANHEDRIN 112 (27 Teves) - dedicated in honor of the memory of Hagaon ha'Gadol Rav
Pinchas Hirschprung, well-known and much loved Rav of Montreal, Talmid of Hagaon Rav
Meir Shapiro (founder of the Dafyomi cycle), on the day of his Yahrzeit. Dedicated by
his son, Rav Yitzchak Hirschprung, may he be blessed with long years and all that he
needs.
|
Questions
1)
(a) When Rav Yehudah says 'Danin ve'Chovshin, Danin ve'Chovshin', he means - that
they would judge the sinners of an Ir ha'Nidachas in small groups and sentence them
to Sekilah, but place them in jail without actually stoning them ...
(b) ... because, initially, one does not know whether those who have been sentenced
will indeed be Chayav Sekilah, or whether the majority of the town will not turn out
to be guilty, in which case, they will receive Sayaf (so how can one give them
Sekilah?).
(c) Ula disagrees with him - on the basis of 'Me'aneh es Dino' (the prohibition of
leaving a sentenced man overnight without killing him).
(d) According to him therefore - they judge each case that comes before them for
Sekilah, and carry out the sentence, until the number of those who transgressed
reaches a majority. Then they switch to Sayaf.
2)
(a) Rebbi Yochanan, holds like Ula. According to Resh Lakish, they would set up many
Batei-Dinim, not because of the prohibition of judging two cases on the same day -
which only applies to different Misos, but not to the same Misah ...
(b) ... but because it would be impossible to cross-examine the numerous witnesses on
one day in one Beis-Din.
(c) Rav Chama bar Yossi Amar Rebbi Oshaya learns from the Pasuk "Vehotzeisa es ha'Ish
ha'Hu O es ha'Ishah ha'Hi" - that it is only an individual man or woman who is judged
in a Sanhedrin Ketanah; an Ir ha'Nidachas can only be judged by the Sanhedrin
ha'Gedolah.
(d) We reconcile Resh Lakish with this ruling - by opening the proceedings in the
Sanhedrin ha'Ketanah, who will establish whether it is a majority who are guilty or a
minority. And if they declare that it is a majority that sinned, the sinners are will
then be taken to the Beis-Din ha'Gadol.
3)
(a) According to the Mishnah in Bava Basra, one must live in a town for twelve months
to be considered a resident of the town.
(b) The Beraisa considers a passing caravan members of the town with regard to making
it an Ir ha'Nidachas after only thirty days, as we learned in our Mishnah - because
regarding the Din of Ir ha'Nidachas, the Torah writes "Yoshvei ha'Ir ha'Hi'', and one
is considered a Toshav (a temporary resident) after thirty days.
(c) Another Beraisa draws the same distinction with regard to the Din of Neder -
inasmuch as if one made a Neder not to have benefit from the 'B'nei ha'Ir, he is
forbidden to derive benefit only from people who have been living there for at least
twelve months, whereas if he referred to 'Yoshvei ha'Ir', he is forbidden to benefit
from anyone who lived even for thirty days.
4)
(a) We learn from the Pasuk ...
1. ... "Hacharem *Osah*" - that the property of Tzadikim that is not in the town is
saved.
2. ... 've'es *Kol* Asher Bah" - that the property of Tzadikim that is in the town
must be burned.
(b) "Shelalah" comes to exclude 'Shelal Shamayim", as we learned in our Mishnah;
"ve'es *Kol* Shelalah - comes to include the property of Resha'im that is not in the
town at the Din of burning.
(c) The reason that Rebbi Shimon (who always Darshens the Torah's reasons) gives for
the Halachah that the property of Tzadikim that is in the town must be burned is -
because the Tzadikim only lived in that wicked town because of their property.
(d) We just learned that the property of Resha'im must be burned even if it is not in
the town. However ...
1. ... Rav Chisda teaches us that - this only applies to property that one can get to
the town-square in time for the burning. if not, then even the property belonging to
Resha'im, is saved.
2. ... this ruling will not apply at all, even if it possible to bring the property
into the town-square in good time - if it had never been in the town in the first
place.
5)
(a) Rav Chisda rules that the Pikdonos (securities or deposits) of an Ir ha'Nidachas
are permitted. We reject the suggestion that Rav Chisda is referring to Pikdonos
...
1. ... of others that are being looked after in the Ir ha'Nidachas on the grounds -
that it is obvious (seeing as they do not fall under the category of "Shelalah").
2. ... of the Ir ha'Nidachas in the hands of others, assuming they are 'Nikbatzin
be'Sochah - because then, Rav Chisda himself just ruled that they too, must be
burned.
3. ... assuming they are not - because that too, is obvious (seeing as Rav Chisda
just said so).
(b) We conclude that Rav Chisda is referring to Pikdonos of others that are being
looked after in the Ir ha'Nidachas, and he is speaking - when the members of the Ir
ha'Nidachas took responsibility for the article, which gives us reason to believe,
renders them partial owners.
(c) Rav Chisda states that ...
1. ... an animal that is jointly owned by the Ir ha'Nidachas and others - must be
killed.
2. ... a dough that is jointly owned by the Ir ha'Nidachas is divided in two, half of
which must be given to the other owners.
(d) The difference is based on the fact - that a dough can be divided into two at any
time, whereas an animal must be jointly Shechted before it can be eaten (and killing
it, even via Shechitah does not even permit the animal be'Hana'ah, let alone
Shechitah).
6)
(a) Rav Chisda also poses a She'eilah whether Shechitah renders an animal of an Ir
ha'Nidachas Tahor or not. The animal might remain Tamei in spite of the fact that it
has been Shechted - because "l'Fi Charev" does not differentiate between Shechitah
and any other form of killing (see Rashash).
(b) Assuming that Shechitah renders the animal Tahor, does not mean that it is also
permitted ...
1. ... to eat, or even ...
2. ... to derive benefit from it (as we just explained).
(c) The outcome of the She'eilah is 'Teiku'.
7)
(a) Rav Yosef asked whether the hair of the righteous women of an Ir ha'Nidachas
needs to be burned. Rava's objection, based on the Pasuk "Tikbotz ve'Sarafta" is -
even the hair Of the Resha'im does not need to be burned, since, besides gathering
and burning, it also requires cutting (and is not therefore included in the the
Mitzvah of Sereifah.
(b) Rava therefore amends the She'eilah to - whether the wigs of righteous women must
be burned or not.
(c) There would be no She'eilah in the case of wigs that the women were wearing -
which would be no different than the clothes that the Tzadikim were wearing.
(d) The She'eilah therefore pertains to wigs that are not currently being worn, which
might differ from other Metaltelin belonging to Tzadikim - inasmuch as, since she
would wear it regularly, it was considered part of her even when she was not actually
wearing it.
8)
(a) We learned in our Mishnah that if an Ir ha'Nidachas does not have a town-square,
then Beis-Din must make one. That is the opinion of Rebbi Akiva. According to Rebbi
Yishmael - a town without a square is not subject to the Din of Ir ha'Nidachas ...
(b) ... because "Tikbotz el Toch Rechovah" implies the town-square that is there
already; whereas according to Rebbi Akiva, it incorporates one that they only make
later.
112b---------------------------------------112b
Questions
9)
(a) The Beraisa rules that the Kodshei Mizbe'ach of an Ir ha'Nidachas must die - by
being placed in a small room and fed on barley until their stomachs split.
(b) Seeing as they are not included in the Din of "She'lalah" we ask, why we do not
apply the principle of 'Yir'u ad she'Yista'avu ... ', which would mean - that they
are sent into a field to graze until they becomes blemished, at which point they can
be redeemed.
(c) Rebbi Yochanan answers with the Pasuk in Mishlei - "Zevach Resha'im To'evah"
(pertaining both to the animal itself, and to the proceeds of its sale should they
become blemished).
10)
(a) Resh Lakish establishes the Beraisa by Mamon Ba'alim, by which he means - Kodshim
for which the owners took responsibility (i.e. Nedarim [as opposed to Nedavos]), and
according to Rebbi Shimon, in whose opinion responsibility constitutes ownership.
(b) He must also establish it like Rebbi Yossi Hagelili, because he is the one who
holds - that an animal of Kodshim Kalim belongs to its owner.
(c) Kodshei Kodshim on the other hand - never belong to their owner, in which case -
the Din of 'Yir'u ad she'Yista'avu' will apply.
(d) Nevertheless, the Beraisa did not insert the clause that in the case of Kodshei
Kodshim, the Din will be 'Yir'u ad she'Yista'avu' - because even though this might
apply to Ashamos, it will not apply to Chata'os, which ('Halachah le'Moshe mi'Sinai')
due to the fact that their owners are no longer alive, must die.
(e) Rebbi Yochanan disagrees with Resh Lakish, because "Zevach Resha'im To'evah"
includes even animals that are not considered in the owner's domain. Resh Lakish on
the other hand, disagrees with Rebbi Yochanan - because, in his opinion, it only
applies to the animal itself, but not to the proceeds of the sale (should they become
blemished).
11)
(a) Rebbi Shimon in the Beraisa, says 'Behemt'cha", 've'Lo Behemas Bechor u'Ma'aser'.
He cannot be referring to unblemished animals - because they are already precluded
from "Shelalah", 've'Lo Sh'lal Shamayim'.
(b) And the problem with establishing his ruling by when that they are blemished is -
why they are not then included in "Shelalah"?
(c) Ravina resolve this problem by confining "Shelalah" to regular Chulin, which are
called 'Beheimas Ir ha'Nidachas', to exclude Bechor u'Ma'aser' that have been
redeemed, which are called 'Behemas Bechor u'Ma'aser'.
12)
(a) Shmuel disagrees with Ravina's explanation. He holds 'ha'Kol Karev ve'ha'Kol
Nifdeh', which we amend. When he mentions ...
1. ... 'Kol she'Karev ke'she'Hu Tam ve'Nifdeh ke'she'Hu Ba'al-Mum', he is referring
to - other Kodshim Kalim (e.g. Shelamim and Todah), which can be eaten with a blemish
only after they have been redeemed.
2. ... 'Kol she'Karev ke'she'Hu Tam ve'Eino Nifdeh ke'she'Hu Ba'al-Mum' he is
referring to - Bechor and Ma'aser, which can be eaten with a blemish, even without
being redeemed.
(b) If Rebbi Shimon now precludes the former from "Shelalah", he will he arguing with
the Tana Kama, who considers Kodshim Kalim to be Mamon Ba'alim.
(c) Rebbi Shimon (who considers Bechor and Ma'aser to be "Shelalah") precludes them
from the Din of Ir ha'Nidachas - from "Behemtah".
(d) Shmuel's interpretation of Rebbi Shimon now differs from Ravina's - inasmuch as
he establishes Bechor and Ma'aser by Temimim, because, if they would be blemished,
they would be considered "Behemtah", too.
13)
(a) Rav Chisda qualifies the Din in our Mishnah 'Terumos Yerakevu', confining it to
Terumah in the hands if a Yisrael. Terumah in the hands of a Kohen he maintains - is
permitted.
(b) Rav Yosef asks on this from the Din of Ma'aser Sheini in our Mishnah, which must
be placed in Genizah, even though (like Terumah in the hands of the Kohen) it is
already in the hands of the owner.
(c) So Rav Yosef confines the Din in our Mishnah to Terumah in the hands of a Kohen,
but Terumah in the hands of a Yisrael - must be given to a Kohen from a different
town.
14)
(a) Rebbi Meir exempts a dough of Ma'aser Sheini from Chalah. The Rabbanan - obligate
it.
(b) The basis of their Machlokes is - whether Ma'aser Sheini is Mamon Gavohah (Rebbi
Meir) or Mamon Hedyot (the Rabbanan).
(c) Rav Chisda confines the Machlokes to Ma'aser Sheini in Yerushalayim. The Rabbanan
will concede to Rebbi Meir by Ma'aser Sheini outside Yerushalayim on the grounds -
that Ma'aser Sheini cannot be eaten there without first being redeemed (or because at
the time of kneading, it was forbidden to eat it without first taking Chalah from
it).
15)
(a) Rav Yosef queries Rav Chisda from our Mishnah 'Ma'aser Sheini ve'Kisvei ha'Kodesh
Yiganezu'. This cannot be speaking about the Ma'aser Sheini of Yerushalayim that
became an Ir ha'Nidachas - because we have learned in a Beraisa that Yerushalayim
cannot become an Ir ha'Nidachas.
(b) Neither can the Tana be referring to the Ma'aser Sheini of another town that was
taken into Yerushalayim before the former was declared an Ir ha'Nidachas - because
once Ma'aser enters Yerushalayim, it becomes permitted to eat, and there is no reason
to subsequently forbid it.
(c) So Rav Yosef thinks that he must be referring to - Ma'aser Sheini of another town
that became an Ir ha'Nidachas, and yet the Tana says 'Yerakeivu', a Kashya on Rav
Chisda who permits it because it is Mamon Gavohah.
16)
(a) We try to establish our Mishnah by Ma'aser Sheini of another town that was taken
into Yerushalayim before the former was declared an Ir ha'Nidachas, and it cannot be
eaten because it then became Tamei. We ask on this however, from Rebbi Elazar, who
maintains - that Ma'aser Sheini that became Tamei can be redeemed (and then eaten)
even in Yerushalayim.
(b) He learns it from the Pasuk "Ki Lo Suchal Se'eiso" (which means literally
"because you are unable to carry it"), but can also mean - "because you are unable to
eat it (i.e. due to the fact that it became Tamei)".
(c) And we answer by restricting our Mishnah further to a case by 'Laku'ach', which
means - that the the Ma'aser Sheini referred to is food that was purchased with
Ma'aser Sheini money, and which cannot be redeemed further.
Next daf
|