REVIEW QUESTIONS ON GEMARA AND RASHI
prepared by Rabbi Eliezer Chrysler
Kollel Iyun Hadaf, Jerusalem
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Sanhedrin 54
1)
(a) A Beraisa corroborates Rava's interpretation of Rebbi Yehudah. What is
the significance of the fact that that Beraisa is a Toras Kohanim?
(b) First however, the Beraisa explains the Pesukim in Kedoshim (in
connection with the punishment). The Tana Darshens "Ish" to preclude a
Katan, and "Asher Yishkav es Eishes Aviv", irrespective of whether she is
his mother or not. What does he learn from "Ervas Aviv Gilah"?
(c) And how does the Tana know that "Mos Yumas" means Sekilah?
(d) After Darshening the Pesukim just like Rava, what does the Tana learn
via the 'Gezeirah-Shavah' "Ervas Avicha Lo Segaleh" (in Acharei-Mos) from
"Ervas Aviv Gilah" (in Kedoshim) besides the fact that "Ervas Avicha" is
speaking about Ishus (as we explained earlier)?
2)
(a) According to the Rabbanan, "Ervas Avicha" refers to one's father Mamash,
as we explained. But is he not already Chayav because of the Pasuk there
"ve'es Zachar ... "?
(b) We know this from a statement by Rav Yehudah. What does Rav Yehudah
say about ...
- ... a Nochri who has relations with his father?
- ... someone who has relations with his father's brother?
(c) Why does Rava amend Rav Yehudah's first statement to a Yisrael
be'Shogeg? Why would he have been most unlikely to have said it about a
Nochri or even a Yisrael be'Meizid?
(d) On what grounds does the transgressor bring two Korbanos? Does it make
any difference that the Torah writes only one Kareis between them?
3)
(a) Why do the above-mentioned Rabbanan not Darshen "Imcha Hi" to preclude
'Eishes Av' from a woman who is also his mother?
(b) We learned a Beraisa which concurs with Rava's amendment of Rav Yehudah,
sentencing a Yisrael who transgresses either of the two above-mentioned acts
to two Korbanos.
(c) Rebbi Yehudah Darshens "Ervas Aviv" with regard to Eishes Aviv. How
does he explain the Pasuk "Ervas Achi Aviv Lo Segaleh"?
4)
(a) In the first Lashon we establish the above Beraisa like the Chachamim
(who explain "Ervas Avi" literally). Based on what we just said, how does
the second Lashon nevertheless establish it like Rebbi Yehudah?
(b) The basis of the Machlokes between the two Leshonos is a Machlokes
between Abaye and Rava. Which Machlokes is that?
(c) The Rabbanan learn the warning for Eishes Aviv from the Pasuk (after
"Ervas Avicha") in Acharei-Mos "Ervas Eishes Avicha Lo Segaleh". What does
Rebbi Yehudah learn from there?
(d) The Rabbanan learn this from the conclusion of this Pasuk "Ervas Avicha
Hi" (to include after death). What does Rebbi Yehudah learn from there?
(e) In that case, when our Mishnah sentences every Eishes Av to Eishes Ish
as well, why does Rebbi Yehudah not argue? Does this not imply that he
agrees with this D'rashah?
5)
(a) The Rabbanan learns the punishment of Eishes Aviv after the death of
one's father from the "Ervas Aviv Gilah" that Rebbi Yehudah uses for the
'Gezeirah-Shavah' (that establishes "Ervas Aviv" by Eishes Av). Where does
Rebbi Yehudah learn it from?
(b) The Rabbanan learn from "Imcha Hi" - the punishment for Imo who is not
Eishes Aviv, says Rav Shisha B'rei de'Rav Idi. How does he extrapolate
this from those words?
(c) We learned in our Mishnah that someone who commits incest with his
daughter-in-law is also Chayav because of Eishes Ish. Why does the Tana
not add "Eishes B'no", which the Pasuk mentions independently ("Eishes
Bincha Hi")?
6)
(a) Our Mishnah explains that the animal with which a woman performs
bestiality is stoned because it caused the person to sin. What second
reason does the Tana give for this?
(b) In the Pasuk in Kedoshim "ve'Ish Asher Yishkav es Zachar Mishkevei
Ishah", the Tana Kama of the Beraisa Darshens, "Ish" 'P'rat le'Katan'.
What does he learn from ...
- ... "Asher Yishkav es Zachar" (and not "es Ish")?
- ... "Mishkevei Ishah"?
(c) What does Rebbi Yishmael mean when he says ...
- ... 'Harei Zeh Ba le'Lameid'?
- ... 've'Nimtza Lameid'?
Answers to questions
54b---------------------------------------54b
7)
(a) Rebbi Yishmael learns that homosexuality is punishable by Sekilah from
'Demeihem Bam' which the Torah writes there. What does he learn from the
Pasuk ...
- ... in Acharei-Mos "ve'es Zachar Lo Sichkav ... "?
- ... in Ki Seitzei "Lo Yiheyeh Kadeish mi'Benei Yisrael"?
- ... in Melachim "ve'Gam Kadeish Hayah ba'Aretz Asu ke'Chol To'avoseihem"?
(b) What does Rebbi Akiva, who disagrees with Rebbi Yishmael (and supports
the Tana Kama) mean when he says "Lo Tzarich"? How does he interpret the
words "Lo Sishkav"?
(c) We learn from the Pasuk in Kedoshim "Ish Ki Yiten Shechovto bi'Veheimah"
that a Katan is Patur from bestiality, though a Gadol is Chayav irrespective
of the age of the animal. What do we learn from the 'Gezeirah-Shavah'
"Taharogu" from "Ki Harog Tahargenu" (written in Re'ei in connection with a
Meisis)?
(d) We now know the punishment of the man who performs bestiality with an
animal. What do we learn from the Pasuk ...
- ... in Mishpatim "Kol Shochev im Beheimah Mos Yumas"?
- ... in Acharei-Mos "u've'Chol Beheimah Lo Siten Shechovt'cha ... "?
8)
(a) Rebbi Yishmael learns the warning for the passive partner in bestiality
from the same combination as he learned it by incest ("Lo Yiheyeh Kadeish
... " and ve'Gam Kadeish Hayah ba'Aretz"). How can he derive both incest
and bestiality from the same source?
(b) How does Rebbi Akiva learn the same thing from " ... Lo Siten
Shechovt'cha ... "?
(c) Rebbi Avahu maintains that, according to Rebbi Yishmael, someone who is
both an active and a passive partner in ...
- ... homosexuality in one He'elam (in a period of time during which he is unaware that either of the two things that he is doing is forbidden) has to bring two Korbanos, one for "Lo Sishkav" and one for "Lo Yiheyeh Kadeish".
What does Rebbi Akiva say?
- ... bestiality in one He'elam has to bring two Korbanos, one for "Lo Siten Shechovt'cha" and one for Lo Yiheyeh Kadeish".
What does Rebbi Akiva say?
9)
(a) On what grounds does Abaye disagree with Rebbi Avahu in the latter case?
What does he say about "Lo Yiheyeh Kadesh" and bestiality?
(b) He learns the warning for the passive partner in bestiality from the
Pasuk "Kol Shochev im Beheimah Mos Yumas", which is no longer needed for
Shochev. Seeing as that Pasuk is speaking about the punishment, how can he
learn the warning from there?
(c) So how many Korbanos will someone who is a passive partner in both
incest and bestiality in one He'elam, according to Rebbi Yishmael?
10)
(a) Rebbi Avahu maintains that, according to Rebbi Akiva, someone who is a
passive partner in both homosexuality and bestiality in one He'elam, has to
bring two Korbanos, one for "Lo Sishkav" and one for "Lo Siten
Shechovt'cha". What does Rebbi Yishmael say?
(b) According to Abaye however, he is Chayav two Korbanos, even according to
Rebbi Yishmael. Why is that?
(c) How many Korbanos will someone who is both an active and a passive
partner in both homosexuality and bestiality in one He'elam, bring,
according to ...
- ... Rebbi Yishmael?
- ... Rebbi Akiva?
(d) If this is the opinion of Rebbi Avahu, what does Abaye say?
11)
(a) What distinction does the Beraisa draw between someone who performs
homosexuality with a Katan and one who performs bestiality with an animal?
(b) We ask what this means. Why can the Tana not be referring to a Katan
in the regular sense?
(c) Rav interprets Katan to mean one who is under nine. What does Shmuel
say?
12)
(a) Rav learns this from the Hekesh of Nishkav to Shochev (like Rebbi
Akiva). What does he mean by that?
(b) What is then Shmuel's source?
(c) Which opinion has the support of a Beraisa? What does the Beraisa say?
(d) What does the Beraisa add with regard to a man or a woman who commits
bestiality?
Answers to questions
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