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***************GIRSA SECTION********************
We recommend using the textual changes suggested by the Bach, Rav B. Rensburg and the parenthetical marginal notes of the Vilna Shas. This section is devoted to any *OTHER* changes that we feel ought to be made in Gemara, Rashi or Tosfos.)

[1] Gemara 13a [line 44]:
The words "Lech Lech *Amri* Nezira"
should be "Lech Lech *Amrin* Nezira"
(Dikdukei Sofrim #5 and elsewhere in Shas)

[2] Tosfos 13a DH u'Pliga:
The words "Dei'os v'Shinuy Lo Yisbor"
should be "Dei'os v'Shinuy Lo, *v'Lo* Yisbor"
(The Mar'eh Kohen made a different emendation, which is not clear)
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1) [line 5] L'ATZLUYEI - to tilt the candle
2) [line 21] DEI'OS - two people
3) [line 23] ACHSANIYIM - guests at an inn
4) [line 37] "EL HE'AHARIM LO ACHAL, V'EINAV LO NASA EL GILULEI BEIS YISRAEL ..." - "He did not eat of sacrifices offered to idols in the mountains, and did not lift his eyes to the other idols of the house of Israel. Neither did he defile his neighbor's wife nor come near to a menstruous woman." (Yechezkel 18:6)

5) [line 40] KURVAH SHEL GILUY ARAYOS - when the Torah forbids Giluy Arayos (Vayikra 18:6-30, 20:10-24), Rebbi Pedas rules that this applies to marital relations only.

6) [line 44] LECH LECH (AMREI) AMRIN NEZIRA SECHOR SECHOR L'CHARMA LO SIKRAV - "Go, go," they say to the Nazir, "go all around. Do not come near the vineyard."

7) [line 46] TEFILAV - his Tefilin

8a) [line 4] B'YMEI NIDUSEICH
By Torah Law, a woman who has her period is a Nidah for seven days. It makes no difference whether she saw blood only one time or for the entire seven days. At the end of seven days, after nightfall, she can immerse in a Mikvah to become Tehorah if she has stopped seeing blood. (If she sees blood during the following eleven days, she becomes a Zavah.) The woman was asked about her husband's conduct with her during the days that she was a Nidah.

b) [line 6] B'YMEI LIBUNAYICH
(a) If a woman has a show of blood for three consecutive days during her 11 days of Zivah, she becomes a Zavah Gedolah. In order for her to become Tehorah, she must count Shiv'ah Nekiyim (seven "clean" days), during which she verifies that she has no show of blood. These are also known as the Yemei Libun (the days in which a woman wears white undergarments). On the morning of the seventh clean day she immerses in a Mikvah. If she does not experience bleeding during the rest of the day she is Tehorah and no longer a Zavah. She must bring a Korban Zavah to permit her to enter the Beis ha'Mikdash or to eat Kodshim. The Korban is two doves or two turtle-doves, one as an Olah and one as a Chatas.

(b) The Halachah requires that a woman who sees even the smallest amount of blood must count Shiv'ah Nekiyim after the flow of blood has stopped. This is the assertion of Rebbi Zeira in Nidah Daf 66a, who reports that Jewish women took it upon themselves to keep the laws of a Zavah, even if they did not see blood on three consecutive days. (See RASHI and TOSFOS Megilah 28b). The woman was asked about her husband's conduct with her during her days of Shiv'ah Nekiyim.

9) [line 9] SHE'LO NASA PANIM LA'TORAH - (a) [Blessed is HaSh-m Who killed him], and was not swayed by the Torah learning [of your husband];
(b) [Blessed is HaSh-m Who killed him], because he (your husband) did not heed properly the dictates of the Torah (SFAS EMES)

10) [line 12] MITAH CHADA HAVAI - they slept in the same wide bed (without touching each other)

11) [line 13] SINAR - (O.F. porceint) belt; i.e. a sort of petticoat or breech-cloth

12) [line 14] ALIYAS - the second storey of [Chananyah ben Chizkiyah ben Garon's house]

13) [line 15] L'VAKRO - to visit him
14) [line 18] D'BA'INAN L'MEIMAR KAMAN - that we are going to say further on in the Mishnah

15) [line 22] MEGILAS TA'ANIS
Megilas Ta'anis was written in the times of the Tana'im, at the end of the period of the second Beis ha'Mikdash. It includes a list of the dates which were set aside as holidays due to the miracles that happened on them to Benei Yisrael. On some of the dates, fasting was forbidden. On others, even delivering a eulogy was included in the Rabbinical prohibition. The Megilah was written in order that these dates not be forgotten. After the destruction of the second Beis ha'Mikdash, Megilas Ta'anis was annulled, except for the holidays of Chanukah and Purim (Gemara Rosh ha'Shanah 19b). It seems that the destruction of the second Beis ha'Mikdash was such a crushing blow to Benei Yisrael that it deleted all of the other holidays in its wake.

16) [line 23] SI'ATO - his followers
17) [line 23] HAYU MECHABEVIN ES HA'TZAROS - they cherished the miraculous salvation from past troubles, in which Hash-m's hand was evident

18) [line 28] RIMAH - the worm in a grave

19) [line 29] "ACH BESARO ALAV YICH'AV, V'NAFSHO ALAV TE'EVAL" - "But his flesh will feel pain upon him, and his soul will mourn for him" (Iyov 14:22)

20) [line 31] IZMEL - a knife
21) [line 31] BERAM - truly!
22) [line 35] GARVEI - kegs

23) [line 38] OCHEL RISHON ... OCHEL SHENI
"(THE DIFFERENT LEVELS OF TUM'AH)"
All objects belong to one of three categories:

(a) sources of Tum'ah
(b) objects that can become Tamei
(c) objects that cannot become Tamei

When one object makes another object Tamei, the second object has a weaker Tum'ah than the first. If something becomes Tamei from an Av, it is called a Rishon l'Tum'ah. A Rishon makes a Sheni l'Tum'ah. (Liquids are an exception to this rule. The Chachamim decreed that liquids should always be a Rishon; even if touched by a Sheni.)

Chulin cannot be made Tamei mid'Oraisa by a Sheni L'Tum'ah. Even mid'Rabanan, there is no such thing as Shelishi L'Tum'ah with regard to Chulin. Terumah, however, can become a Shelishi L'Tum'ah. (Also, if someone guarded his Chulin from Tum'ah as one normally guards Terumah, it is called "Chulin she'Na'asu Al Taharas Terumah," and can become a Shelishi.)

Terumah that is a Shelishi l'Tum'ah cannot make other Terumah Tamei. However, it may not be eaten. It is referred to as "Pasul" (invalid) rather than "Tamei." Kodesh (objects associated with the sacrifices) that is touched by a Shelishi l'Tum'ah can become a Revi'i. A Revi'i of Kodesh is also called "Pasul."

24) [line 40] MAYIM SHE'UVIN - drawn water

25) [line 42] TEVUL YOM
A Tevul Yom is a person who has immersed himself in a Mikvah, and must wait for the sun to set in order to complete his Taharah. His level of Tumah is minimal; he is considered only a Sheni l'Tum'ah. If he touches Terumah, it becomes Pasul and must be burned.

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