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Yevamos Chart #26

Yevamos Daf 88b

WHEN THE TESTIMONY OF A SINGLE WITNESS IS CONTRADICTED
(E.G. REGARDING THE DEATH OF A WOMAN'S HUSBAND)
  (A)
CONTRADICTED BY A SINGLE WITNESS WHO IS PASUL 		(B)
CONTRADICTED BY SEVERAL WITNESSES WHO ARE PESULIM		 (C)
CONTRADICTED BY A SINGLE WITNESS WHO IS KOSHER
1) ONE KOSHER,
SINGLE WITNESS
TESTIFIED FIRST 		The first is
believed 		1st version: We
follow Rov De'os(2)
2nd version: The
first is believed(3) 		The first is
believed(3)
2) ONE PASUL(1),
SINGLE WITNESS
TESTIFIED FIRST 		The first is
believed(3)		 We follow Rov
De'os(2) 		The first is
believed
==========
FOOTNOTES:
==========
(1) A Pasul witness means an Ishah or an Eved, who may not testify regarding monetary and corporal matters.
(2) This is the ruling of Rebbi Nechemyah. Regarding a woman who remarries based on the testimony of a single witness, and a number of witnesses who are Pesulim then testify that her husband is alive, the Halachah is as follows: If she has already remarried, and she claims that she is certain ("Bari Li") that her husband is dead (like the first witness says), she may remain with her new husband. Since she is not contradicting the testimony of valid witnesses, but only Pesulim, she is believed regarding her own matters. (RASHI DH v'Asu; according to the RAMBAM [Hilchos Gerushin 12:20] she is only believed against *two* witnesses who are Pesulim, since she joins with the original witness to make it two against two, see HAGAHOS HA'GRA.)
(3) The Gemara calls this case, "Palga u'Palga." According to Rashi, this means that b'Di'eved, if she already married based on the testimony of the first witness, she does not need to separate from her new husband based on the new testimony. (RASHI DH k'Palga u'Palga Dami; according to the RAMBAM [Hilchos Gerushin 12:20] this is only true if she married one of the witnesses, see NIMUKEI YOSEF.)

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