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1) [line 1] CHAFINAH
(a) Chafinah was one of the hardest Avodos done in the Beis ha'Mikdash (Yoma 47b, Menachos 11a). When the Kohen Gadol entered the Kodesh ha'Kodashim to burn the special incense of Yom ha'Kipurim, he carried a spoon of Ketores and a pan of burning coals. He placed the pan of coals on the floor, poured the Ketores from the spoon into his palms and spread the Ketores on the coals, as the verse specifies (Vayikra 16:12-13).
(b) In order to pour the Ketores into his palms, he needed to hold the bowl of the spoon in his fingertips, inching the handle upward with his thumbs (that were under the spoon) until he was able to grasp the handle between his elbows. He then twisted the handle of the spoon over with his elbows, pouring the Ketores into his palms, being careful not to spill any of it (Rashi Yoma 49b). Alternatively, he held the upturned spoon in his fingertips or teeth, sweeping the Ketores into his palms with his thumbs (Rambam Hilchos Avodas Yom ha'Kipurim 4:1)

2) [line 5] LISHKAS HA'MELACH - TY #30; the room where the salt that was used in the Azarah was kept

3) [line 6] LISHKAS HA'PARVAH - TY #31; the room where hides of the offerings were preserved. There was a Mikvah on its roof that was used by the Kohen Gadol on Yom ha'Kipurim. Parvah (see Footnote #3 to Yoma Chart #4) designed this room with an ingenious system for bringing water to the roof.

4) [line 6] LISHKAS HA'MADICHIN - TY #32; the Rinsing Chamber, the room where the Korbanos were rinsed

5) [line 11] MESIBAH - a spiral staircase
6) [line 12] LISHKAS HA'GOLAH - TY #29; the room where fresh water was drawn from a well. This Lishkah was name for the people who came from the Golah (exile), who dug the well (BARTENURA). According to RABEINU YEHONASAN (at the end of Eruvin), the name of this Lishkah was Lishkas *ha'Gulah*, because of the large bowl (Gulah) that was set near the well that was filled with water every day.

7) [line 12] LISHKAS HA'GAZIS - TY #27; The Chamber of Hewn Stone, where the Great Sanhedrin sat in judgement. The Great Sanhedrin of 71 judges was the highest Halachic authority of Benei Yisrael; it judged the most difficult cases (Devarim 17;8).

8) [line 14] LISHKAS KOHEN GADOL, [V'HI] HAYESAH ACHAREI SHTEIHEN - the Lishkas ha'Etz (TY #28) was the chamber of the Kohen Gadol (Lishkas Parhedrin) and was in back of (on the western side of) the Lishkas ha'Golah and Lishkas ha'Gazis

9) [line 20] SHA'AR HA'DELEIKAH - TY #36; The Gate of Kindling, through which wood for the Mizbe'ach was brought.

10) [line 20] SHA'AR (HA'KORBAN) [HA'BECHOROS] - TY #35; The Gate of the Firstborn, through which the offerings of the first born animals were brought (Shemos 13:15, Bamidbar 18:17).

11) [line 21] SHA'AR HA'MAYIM - TY #33 (the number in the diagram seems to be a mistake -- #33 should be in place of #34 on top of the gate); The Water Gate, opposite the Mizbe'ach, was opened only once during the year. The procession carrying the water for the Nisuch ha'Mayim passed through this gate on Sukos. The stream called the Amah, that passed through the Azarah, flowed out through this gate. When necessary, the Amah was blocked, causing it to overflow and cleanse the Azarah floor.

12) [line 21] SHA'AR NIKANOR - TY #18; the eastern gate of the Azarah, named for the man who donated the brass doors of this gate (see Yoma 38a).

13) [line 22] LISHKAS PINCHAS HA'MALBISH - TY #20; The Room of Pinchas the Outfitter was named for the man who was originally in charge of distributing and collecting the clothes of the Kohanim. It contained 96 closets for the sets of Bigdei Kehunah of the 24 families of Kohanim. (The Kohanim were divided into 24 Mishmaros (watches), each serving one week at a time -- see Background to Shekalim 18:23).

14) [line 22] LISHKAS OSEI CHAVITIN - TY 21; the room where the 12 Chalos of the Kohen Gadol were baked every morning. (They were offered daily in two parts, half in the morning and half in the afternoon -- see Background to Shekalim 20:26)

15) [line 23] SHA'AR NITZOTZ - TY #40; The Gate of the Spark, a roofed entrance under which burning coals were kept for rekindling purposes. It was formerly called Sha'ar Yechanyah, the Gate of Yechanyah, for it was through this gate that the king passed when he went into exile to Babylon. On its roof was a watchtower.

16) [line 23] ACHSADRAH - a covered area that is open on one side
17) [line 25] SHA'AR HA'KORBAN - TY #41; The Gate of the Offering, through which Kodshei Kodshim offerings were brought.

18) [line 25] SHA'AR BEIS HA'MOKED - TY# 43; The Gate of the Chamber of the Hearth, which was a large, domed room where Kohanim could warm themselves during the service. (They became chilled easily while working barefoot in the open, on cold, marble floors.)

19) [line 30] U'MEISACH ES RAGLAV - he defecates
20a) [line 31] LEV'HADI PANYA - towards evening, before sunset
b) [line 32] MADU ALEI - they sprinkle [the Mei Chatas] on him
21) [line 37] SHE'LO TAZU'ACH DA'ATO ALAV - that he should not be haughty

22) [line 18] NIGAF - he was smitten [dead]
23) [line 19] V'CHAVTO AL PANAV - and threw him down [with a kick to the back] on his face

24) [line 20] K'CHAF REGEL EGEL - [a mark that resembled] the footprint of the hoof of a calf
25) [line 25] U'MECHAVEI LEI RAV B'YADAEI - and Rav showed him with his hand (the image of a Veis, so that he should say Ke*v*utal and not Ke*f*utal)

26) [line 25] V'NEIMA LEI MEIMAR - let him say it to him
27) [line 28] LO YIKROTZ B'SIFSOSAV - he should not motion with his lips
28) [line 34] "BAM", V'LO B'TEFILAH - (a) "in them" (the words of Keri'as Shema) [you may speak loudly], but not during Shemoneh Esrei (which must be recited silently) (RASHI; SHE'ILTOS); (b) "in them" (the words of Keri'as Shema) [you may pause to greet your Rav or reply to the greeting of a Talmid Chacham - Orach Chayim 66:1], but not during Shemoneh Esrei (TOSFOS)

29) [line 36] ASEH OSAN KEVA - make the words of Torah a permanent, essential matter

30) [line 40] BIKESH L'HISNAMNEM - if he started to doze
31) [line 40] PIRCHEI KEHUNAH - young Kohanim
32) [line 41] B'ETZBA TZERADA - with the snapping finger
33) [line 41] V'HAFEG ACHAS - (a) and walk around a bit to refresh yourself; (b) and do some type of action that will refresh yourself

34) [line 43] TZARTA D'DA - the nearest to this (the thumb, i.e. the index finger)
35) [line 44] AL CHADAS - something novel
36) [line 45] ACHAVI KIDAH - show us Kidah, a method of bowing, where only the head and thumbs are on the ground. When reverting to a standing position, only the thumbs are used, and not the hands (RASHI Sukah 53a DH v'Zo and DH Itla)

37) [line 47] ME'YEKIREI YERUSHALAYIM - some of the most reputable people of Yerushalayim
38) [line 48] KOL HAVARAH - a reverberating noise (of the people learning)
39) [line 50] TARGUMA NEHARDA'A - explain it as referring to Neharada'a

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