POINT BY POINT SUMMARY
by Rabbi Ephraim Becker Kollel Iyun Hadaf, Yerushalayim Rosh Kollel: Rabbi Mordecai Kornfeld
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Yoma 22
*****PEREK BARISHONAH*****
1) MISHNAH: THE TERUMAS HADESHEN
(a) It was originally done by whomever came forward.
(b) In the event that there were several who wished to do it,
they would race to the four Amos for the right.
(c) In the event of a tie, there was a Payis.
1. They would put out one or two fingers.
2. The thumb could not be put out in the Mikdash.
(d) When a Kohen was injured in such a race, they were Mesaken
that the allocation would always be through a Payis.
(e) This was the first of four Paysos.
2) WHY THE PAYIS WAS INSTITUTED ONLY AFTER THE INCIDENT
(a) Question: Why wasn't this Payis originally instituted?
(b) Answer: They assumed that the night work would not be
popular (and when it turned out to be so, even to the point
of injury, they instituted the Payis).
1. Question: But Eivarim and Pedarim are at night, yet
there was always a Payis?
2. Answer: It ends the Avodah of the day.
3. Question: But the Terumas HaDeshen is the start of the
days' Avodah (R. Yochanan taught that the Kohen need
not be Mekadesh his hands and feet for the days' Avodah
once he did so for the Terumas HaDeshen)!?
4. Answer: He meant that he has already been Mekadesh for
Avodah (but the Terumas HaDeshen is a separate Avodah).
(c) Alternate Answer: They originally assumed that sleep would
prevent the Kohanim from coming (and when it turned out...).
1. Question: But the Eivarim also involve sleep?
2. Answer: Putting off sleep is not as hard as waking up.
(d) Question: But there was a different reason for the Payis,
since the same Payis granted the right to Sidur and Eitzim?
(e) Answer: There were two Takanos:
1. It was assumed that the Kohanim would not come (for the
reasons above) and when it turned out...
2. Once they made the Payis the Kohanim stopped coming, so
they added the right to Sidur and Eitzim to that Payis.
3) WHICH FOUR AMOS?
(a) (R. Papa) The four Amos must be those closest to the
Mizbeach (by inference they could not have been:
1. on the ground before the ramp;
2. the first four Amos of the Kevesh;
3. the middle Amos of the Kevesh.)
(b) Question: Did these four Amos include the two Amos above the
Sovevim, or were they in addition to them?
22b---------------------------------------22b
(c) Answer: Teiku.
4) THE PAYIS AND THE PROHIBITION OF COUNTING JEWS
(a) The Payis was announced by the instruction to take out
fingers.
(b) Question: Why not count the Kohanim themselves?
(c) Answer: This supports R. Yitzhok who taught that counting
Jews is forbidden, as it says by Shaul that he counted the
soldiers by using shards (Bezek).
(d) Question: Maybe Bezek refers to the name of the place?!
(e) Answer: Rather, the source is the fact that he later counted
them using lambs.
(f) Counting Jews is a violation of one (R. Elazar) or two (R.
Nachman b. Yitzhok) prohibitions (proof text).
5) HOW MANY JEWS?
(a) Question: There is a contradiction, where one Pasuk refers
to the Jews as finite (as the sand of the sea) and one where
they are infinite (uncountable).
(b) Answer #1: It depends on whether (infinite) or not (finite)
the Jews perform HaShem's will.
(c) Answer #2: It depends on whether People (infinite) or HaShem
(finite) is doing the counting.
6) LEADERSHIP BRINGS WEALTH
(a) From the example of Shaul (who first gave them shards and
later gave lambs) we learn that one who is appointed over
the community becomes wealthy.
(b) Question: Perhaps each soldier had to bring his own lamb?
(c) Answer: That would not have been newsworthy.
7) SHAUL AND DOVID
(a) The words VaYarev BaNachal allude to Shaul's "rebellion"
regarding killing all the Amaleikim.
(b) The Bas Kol said, "Al Tehi Tzadik Harbeh."
(c) When Shaul told Doeg to kill the Kohanei Nov, the Bas Kol
announced, "Al Tirsha Harbeh."
(d) There is a great difference between Shaul (who was punished
for one error- Agag) and Dovid (who was pardoned for two-
Uriah and the counting).
(e) Question: What of the incident of Bas Sheva?
(f) Answer: He was punished fourfold (as he had predicted by his
response to Noson) with the son, Amnon, Tamar and Avshalom.
(g) Question: But he was also punished for the counting!?
(h) Answer: That was not on his person (it was on the People).
(i) Question: But the punishments for Bas Sheva were similarly
not on his person?
(j) Answer: They were on his person, as he became a Metzora, and
was distanced by the Shechinah and the Sanhedrin (as in his
pleas in the proof text).
(k) Question: But Dovid received Lashon Hara and caused the
splitting of the property of Mefiboshes (another
transgression)?!
(l) Answer [Shmuel]: No, he did not.
(m) Answer [Rav]: He did, and he was punished by the splitting
of the Kingdom under Yeravam and Rechavam.
(n) From the Pasuk we see that Shaul was like a one-year-old,
untainted by sin.
(o) Question [R. Nachman b. Yitzhok]: Maybe he was soiled like a
one-year-old in Tit and Tzoah?
1. R. Nachman b. Yitzhok was shown terrifying angels.
2. He responded with acknowledging his error in speaking
against the bones of Shaul.
3. He was again shown the terrifying angels.
4. He responded by adding, "King of Israel."
(p) Question: Why was Shaul's reign not passed on to his son?
(q) Answer: Because his lineage was unblemished.
1. We are taught that a leader must have such a blemish in
his family history.
2. This keeps the ruler humble.
(r) Question: Why was Shaul punished?
(s) Answer: Because he waived his honor (two incidents) at the
start of his rule.
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