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1)

(a) The bull had to be Shechted in the same spot as where the Viduy took place. Consequently, it was also Shechted between the Ulam and the Mizbe'ach.

(b) The author of our Mishnah cannot be Rebbi Yossi b'Rebbi Yehudah - in whose opinion Tzafon must correspond to the north side of the Mizbe'ach, but not to the area of between the Ulam and the Mizbe'ach.

(c) We initially think that Rebbi, who adds the north side of the Azarah which is situated in the area incorporating the Ezras Yisrael and the Ezras Kohanim (i.e. the twenty-two Amos in the main Azarah up to the Mizbe'ach) - only comes to add to the area specified by *Rebbi Yossi b'Rebbi Yehudah* (i.e. due north of the Mizbe'ach), in which case he cannot be the author of our Mishnah. We conclude however, that Rebbi comes to add also to the area of Rebbi Elazar b'Rebbi Shimon (i.e. who permits even Bein ha'Ulam ve'la'Mizbe'ach), permitting the entire north section of the Azarah, east of the Beis ha'Chalipos. In that case, he too could be the author of our Mishnah.

(d) Everyone agrees however, that the section of the Azarah next to the Beis Chalipos is not eligible for the Shechitah of Kodshei Kodshim. That is the area adjoining the north side of the Ulam - which is not eligible for the Shechitah of Kodshei Kodshim, since one cannot see the Mizbe'ach from there (and the Torah writes in Tzav "Al Yerech ha'Mizbe'ach Tzafonah").

(a) According to Rebbi, the Mishnah confines the Viduy and the Shechitah to Bein ha'Ulam ve'la'Mizbe'ach, instead of just saying 'anywhere in the Azarah' - for the same reason as it does so according to Rebbi Elazar b'Rebbi Shimon (who also agrees that he could Shecht them north of the Mizbe'ach): because Chazal want to make it as easy as possible for the Kohen Gadol on Yom Kipur so that he should not become weak - so they both mentioned between the Ulam and the Mizbe'ach, giving him less walking distance from the place where he receives the blood and his destination with the bowl of blood (into the Heichal and Kodesh Kodshim).

(b) Everyone agrees that (under normal circumstances) the ideal location to Shecht Kodshei Kodshim - is due north of the Mizbe'ach.

(a) The bull had to stand crooked, with its back facing northwards and its face westwards, rather than with its back towards the east and its face towards the west - because we are afraid that, if it is allowed to stand with its back facing the Mizbe'ach, it will debase the Mizbe'ach, by leaving droppings whilst standing with its back to the Mizbe'ach.

(b) According to Rebbi Yossi Hagelili, the confession for an Olah was on Leket, Shikchah and Pe'ah - which had no Kaparah or Viduy of their own, whereas Ma'aser Rishon and Ma'aser Ani had their own Viduy on Erev Pesach of each fourth year.

(c) According to Rebbi Akiva - an Olah atoned for any Asei and 'La'av ha'Nitak la'Asei', since these have no punishment of their own.

(d) It cannot come to atone for an ordinary La'av - which already has the punishment of Malkos.

4)

(a) The La'av of Neveilah and those of Leket, Shikchah and Pe'ah are comparable inasmuch as all of them are followed by an Asei ("la'Ger Asher bi'She'arecha Titnenah" and "le'Ani ve'la'Ger Ta'azov Osam" respectively).

(b) None of these however, fall under the category of 'La'av ha'Nitak la'Asei' (which is Patur from Malkos - according to all opinions) - Neveilah, because it is only possible to fulfill the Asei if one has *not* transgressed the La'av (since, once one has eaten it, how can one possibly give it to a Ger?), and the other three, because the Torah seems to be saying 'Do not collect Leket, Shikchah and Pe'ah - but rather leave them for the poor'. (That is why, in Rebbi Akiva's opinion, they are all subject to Malkos.)

(c) Rebbi Yossi Hagelili nevertheless holds that they are Patur from Malkos, seeing as the Torah follows each La'av with an Asei (unlike the La'av of Chasimah - "Lo Sachsom Shor be'Disho", which is placed next to the Parshah of Malkos, and which therefore serves as the example of La'avin for which one receives Malkos).

(a) According to Abaye, even Rebbi Yossi Hagelili will agree that Neveilah is subject to Malkos - because, as we just explained, the Asei is only applicable if one has not transgressed the La'av.

(b) He argues with Rebbi Akiva specifically by the La'av of Leket, etc., where the Torah writes "Ta'azov", implying that, *after* one has transgressed the La'av, he should then fulfill the Asei of leaving it for the poor, making it a La'av ha'Nitak la'Asei; whereas, according to Rebbi Akiva, "Ta'azov" implies *before* transgressing the La'av (as we explained earlier), and he will therefore receive Malkos.

(a) Rebbi Meir (the author of our Mishnah) bases the order of Viduy 'Avisi, Pasha'ti ve'Chatasi' on two Pesukim in the Torah: one of them, is in Acharei-Mos "ve'Hisvadah Alav es Kol Avonos B'nei Yisrael, ve'es Kol Pish'ehem le'Chol Chatosam". The other, in Ki Sisa - is "Nosei Avon va'Fesha, ve'Chata'ah ve'Nakei".

(b) According to the Chachamim, Avonos means - iniquities, Pesha'im - rebellious sins and Chata'os - sins performed inadvertently. In that case, why does Rebbi Meir give the order as 'Avisi, Pasha'ti ve'Chatasi', seeing as it is not the done thing to confess first on sins transgressed on purpose, and then on sins transgressed by mistake.

(c) The order of the Viduy according to the Chachamim - is therefore Chatasi, Avisi u'Fasha'ti (progressing from the less serious to the more serious).

(d) According to the Chachamim, when Moshe followed the order of Avon, Fesha and Chatas - he was asking Hashem that, when Yisrael did Teshuvah, He should consider the sins that they transgressed *on purpose* as if they had performed them *by mistake*.

(a) Rav found it necessary to rule like the Chachamim, in spite of the fact that they were in the majority - because he had the backing of the Pasuk, we might otherwise have ruled like him.

(b) When Rabah asked that Chazen why he followed the Nusach of Rebbi Meir and not of the Chachamim - he replied that he held like Rebbi Meir.

(a) "*ve'Chiper* Ba'ado u've'Ad Beiso" (written by the Kohen's bull) - either refers to verbal Kaparah, or to Kaparas Damim.

(b) We learn from a Gezeirah Shavah from "ve'Chiper" and "Lechaper" (written by the Sa'ir ) that the Kaparah by the bull is Kaparas Devarim (since by the Sa'ir ha'Mishtale'ach there was no Damim).

(c) "ve'Chiper" written by the Sa'ir la'Hashem can only refer to Kaparas Dam - because, firstly, it is written immediately after the Parshah of Matan Damim, and secondly, because there is no Viduy there to which it could refer.

(d) We ultimately conclude that "Ve'Chiper" can only mean Kaparas Devarim - because it is written before the bull was even Shechted, so how can it refer to Kaparas Damim?

(a) We learn that the Viduy on Yom Kipur starts with 'Ana' - from a Gezeirah Shavah 'Kaparah' 'Kaparah' from Har Sinai where, after the Eigel ha'Zahav, Moshe said to Hashem "Ana Chata ha'Am ha'Zeh".

(b) We learn from the 'Gezeirah Shavah' "Kaparah" "Kaparah" from Eglah Arufah - that the Viduy on Yom Kipur must contain the Name of Hashem, just as there, the Kohanim mentioned the Name of Hashem ("Kaper le'Amcha Yisrael Asher Padisa *Hashem*").

(c) Why, asks the Gemara, do we not learn Eglah Arufah from Sinai, to require that the Kohanim begin their Viduy there with the word 'Ana'.