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Parashas Korach(72)Numbers 16:30 "And if Hashem will create a creation and the earth opens its mouth and swallows them and all that is theirs and they will go down alive to the grave - then you shall know that these men have provoked Hashem." BUT IF A CREATION : Rashi: A new one. Hashem will create: to slay them by the kind of death by which no man has until now died. And what is this creation? And the earth will open wide its mouth and swallow them. Then you shall know that they have provoked the Holy One, blessed be He, and that I have spoken with the Almighty's authority. Our Rabbis interpret this "If the mouth of the earth was created during the six days of Creation, fine, but if not. Let Hashem create it [now]." Note: The words underlined are the Torah's words. Words not underlined are Rashi's own.
BACKGROUNDA few words of background will help place our verse in its context. Korah had confronted Moses and Aaron claiming that they had exploited their power for personal gain. Moses had appointed Aaron, his brother, to become the High Priest and Elitzaphan son of Uziel to be the Prince of family Kehas, passing over Korah who was also a family member. This latter appointment particular hurt him, he was sure that this post was coming to him. Moses was understandably upset by the rebellion against him and his authority. So he decided to make a test to determine, for all to see, ("with this you shall know") whether his decisions were based on G-d's instructions ("for Hashem has sent me") or whether, on the other hand, he had acted on his own ("from my own heart"). The test would be: "If these men die a common death of all men or if they be visited by a visitation of all men, then Hashem has not sent me." Then comes our verse which presents the other side of the equation: If a miracle happens, this would be a sign that Moses acted according to G-d's will ("these men have provoked Hashem") . Now let us look at Rashi's comment. Actually Rashi himself asks his question openly. What is it? Your Answer:
WHAT IS BOTHERING RASHI?Rashi asks: "What is the new creation?" What would you ask about Rashi's question? Your Question:
QUESTIONING RASHIA Question: Why does Rashi even ask this question ? Does not the Torah itself say "The earth will open its mouth wide"? This is obviously the new creation. What is bothering him about this obvious answer? Your Answer:
WHAT IS BOTHERING RASHI ?An Answer: Rashi could not accept that the earth's opening its mouth was the new creation, because the earth had opened its mouth once before. This phenomenon was not a new creation. See Genesis 4:11: "Therefore you are cursed from the ground which opened it mouth wide to receive your brother's blood from your hand." Since Rashi realized that the earth opening its mouth wide alone was not the newly created phenomenon, he had to explain the meaning in a different way. What was the creation according to Rashi? Your Answer:
UNDERSTANDING RASHIAn Answer: Rashi says "And the earth opened its mouth and swallowed them." The death by earth-swallowing was the creation that G-d was to create, for no one had ever died this way before.
A CLOSER LOOKNotice that Rashi adds the word ?? before the word ??????, meaning "then you will know." Why does he do this? What does this add to our understanding? Your Answer:
A CLOSER UNDERSTANDINGAn Answer: By adding the word "then" before the words "you shall know" Rashi shows us that this is a separate and final clause, it is the consequence of Moses passing the test, so to speak. Without Rashi explicitly adding the word "then," I might have read it this way: "If Hashem will create a creation, (then) these people will be swallowed up, and you will know that they have provoked Hashem." Such an interpretation would mean that the important consequence will be that they will be swallowed up and only secondarily that the people will know that they have provoked G-d. Rashi reads the verse differently. The creation constitutes both the earth opening its mouth as well as the people being swallowed by it. "Then" comes the ultimate consequence of this miracle - that the people will know that Hashem has been provoked by Korah and his congregation. What is the significant difference between these two readings? Can you see any difference? Your Answer:
The PROFOUND MESSAGE: MOSES' UNASSUMING PERSONALITYAn Answer: The first way of reading the verse places the punishment of the sinners as the primary event; while the second way of reading the verse, which is Rashi's way, places the people's knowledge of G-d's being provoked as the main outcome. It is crucial to notice that Moses places G-d's interest before his own. Moses was personally attacked and affronted by this rebellion. If there would be a dramatic punishment of his enemies by a clearly Divinely directed death, this would emphatically show that Moses was in the right. It certainly would have given him much justified satisfaction. Nevertheless, Moses' main concern was to uphold G-d's glory "then you will know that these men provoked Hashem."
FURTHER (Subtle) EVIDENCE OF MOSES' MODESTYDo you see that Moses doesn't even mention that this miracle would be irrefutable proof that he was sent by G-d. Notice the subtlety of his words here. When Moses says (verse 29) that if there is no miraculous death then "Hashem did not send me." But when he presents the other possibility, that there will be a new creation and a miraculous death for the sinners, he does not say "you will know that Hashem sent me." Rather he says "you will know that these men have provoked G-d." Clearly Moses was concerned less about his "rightness" than he was about the honor of G-d. See that Rashi adds "that I have spoken with the Almighty's authority" to Moses' explicit words. Moses didn't actually say these words,. Rashi had to add them to remind us of the point that Moses was in fact divinely authorized to act as he did. Moses' modesty prevented him from being so blunt. This is quite characteristic of Moses' acknowledged modesty and his absolute subservience to G-d's will. His behavior highlights the great difference between himself and Korah. His behavior is the complete antithesis of Korah's behavior, who thought first and foremost of his own glory. (See Chizkuni, Mizrachi)
Shabbat Shalom
"What's Bothering Rashi?" is produced by the Institute for the Study of Rashi and Early Commentaries. The five volume set of "What's Bothering Rashi?" is available at all Judaica bookstores.
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