Exodus 20:15 “And all the people saw the sounds and the flames, the sound of the Shofar and the mountain smoking; and the people saw and shuddered and stood at a distance.”

RASHI

Saw the sounds: RASHI: They saw that which is [ordinarily] heard; that which is impossible to see otherwise.

WHAT IS RASHI SAYING?

Rashi is telling us to take the word “see” (in Hebrew ‘Ro’im’) literally. They literally could see the sound waves of the voice of G-d as He spoke. In modern psychology, this is called, synesthesia, when the sense experience crosses over to another tract. . See the Ibn Ezra who describes this occurrence as a given fact. While the Ibn Ezra, being somewhat of a scientist in his time, considers “seeing sounds” as a conceivable possibility, Rashi saw it as miracle. Actually the Hebrew word “ro’im” can also mean “to perceive” which is to receive information through any one of the five senses. And this is what Rashi is stressing: ‘Ro’im’ does not mean “to perceive” meaning “to hear the sounds,” which would be quite a normal experience, instead says Rashi, it means, “to see the sounds” which is a miraculous event.

With this in mind, what would you ask of Rashi?

Your Question:

QUESTIONING RASHI

A Question: Why does Rashi reject the more natural interpretation here, which would seem to be closer to p’shat, and opt for the miraculous interpretation? Rashi certainly strives for p’shat interpretations, when they are appropriate.

Can you think why he choose “seeing sounds” over “hearing sounds” in this verse?

Your Answer:

UNDERSTANDING RASHI

An Answer: While “hearing sounds” is certainly more normal, Rashi deliberately choose a supernatural explanation because we are talking about the most supernatural event that ever occurred in history – the Divine revelation at Sinai. Rashi is following a principle of Torah interpretation which is central to a fuller understanding of the Torah. That principle is to see a verse within its larger context. Once our verse is seen as part of the story of the Sinai revelation, then “hearing sounds” is but a minor miracle in relation to the larger event which took place at that time.

Let us pursue this interpretation further, to see its deeper implications.

A DEEPER UNDERSTANDING

The late Lubavicher Rebbe, gave the following insightful interpretation of this Rashi-comment.

Our two senses of seeing and hearing have different advantages and disadvantages. Seeing, affords us a very clear and certain perception of the world. None of our other senses can give us the knowledge about something in this world, as seeing can. On the other hand, hearing affords us a different benefit. Hearing enables us to learn about concepts, abstract ideas. These cannot be seen, but can be understood though hearing.

In summary, seeing has a benefit for things in our material world. Hearing has a benefit for things in the spiritual, abstract world.

At Sinai, says the Lubavicher Rebbe, the Jew “saw” the sounds of G-d’s voice. For the Jew present at Sinai, G-d’s ideas (mitzvos) had the same clarity and certitude about what he heard as if he had actually seen them. “Seeing is believing” and the Jew “saw” the Divine mystery at Sinai.

Shabbat Shalom
Avigdor Bonchek

"What's Bothering Rashi?" is a production of "The Institute for the Study of Rashi."

Dr. Bonchek will be in the States IY"H this coming February on a lecture tour. Congregations or organizations interested in having him lecture for them are invited to contact him at msbonch@mscc.huji.ac.il.

The Institute is in the process of preparing the Devorim volume of "What's Bothering Rashi?" This volume will feature Rashi and the Ba'alie Tosephos. Readers interested in sponsoring a sedra in this volume are encouraged to contact us for further details at msbonch@mscc.huji.ac.il