Oroh V'Simchoh

Meshech Chochmoh
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OROH V'SIMCHOH - MESHECH CHOCHMOH ON PARSHAS METZORA - BS"D

Ch. 14, v. 20: "V'CHI'PER olov" - We see a CHANGE in terminology between the verses describing the bringing of the rich man's sacrifices and the poor man's sacrifices where it says in verse 29 "L'CHA'PEIR olov." The MESHECH CHOCHMOH and Oznayim laTorah both explain this with the gemara Arochin 16a. It says that one of the causes for "tzoraas" is haughtiness. It is common for a wealthy man to be haughty. Although haughtiness is a characteristic TRAIT that is to be despised and one should distance himself from IT greatly (Pikei Ovos 4:4), nevertheless it is the nature of a wealthy person to have this flaw, as stated in Dvorim 8:13,14, "V'chesef v'zohov yirbeh loch, V'rom l'vovcho." His sin is not as severe as that of a "dal gei'eh," a pauper who is arrogant and supercilious. The gemara P'sochim 113b says that such a person is an abomination in the eyes of Hashem and man.

Therefore the Torah says "V'CHI'PER olov" by the wealthy person, indicating that he receives full atonement. The poor person also receives atonement after going through the prescribed procedures. However, there is still a need for great introspection and character improvement. The Torah therefore expresses itself with the words "L'CHA'PEIR olov" to indicate with the letter Lamed, meaning TOWARDS bringing atonement, that this is only a step in the direction of full atonement. The Oznayim laTorah adds that this explains why by the description of the "tzoraas" afflicting the wealthy man it says "Zose t'h'yeh toras ha'metzoroh" (14:2), and by the poor man it says "Zose toras asher BO nega tzoro'as." The poor man has the "tzoraas," the cause for this affliction, imbedded within him.

Ch. 14, v. 21: "V'im dal hu" - Although a wealthy man should not bring the atonement sacrifices prescribed for a poor man, nevertheless, if he did so it provides him with atonement. The gemara Yoma 41b says that there is an exception by the sacrifices of a "metzoroh" where it does not atone. This is derived from the word "ZOSE," in 14:2, indicating "exactly this" and no variation. Why does the Torah treat the "metzoroh oshir" different from all others who are wealthy and bring a poor man's sacrifice?

The MESHECH CHOCHMOH answers that since the gemara Yoma 11b says that the cause for "tzoraas" is being stingy, if the wealthy man is still stingy and brings the less costly sacrifice that is designated for a poor man, he obviously has not repented and is afforded no atonement, "toveil v'sheretz b'yodo." The MESHECH CHOCHMOH offers two other brilliant answers. They can be found in his commentary on 14:51.

Ch. 14, v. 21: "V'im dal hu v'ein yodo ma'seges" - The gemara Yoma 41b brings a disagreement regarding one who is wealthy and brings the sacrifice designated for a poor man to offer. One opinion is that he has fulfilled his responsibility, and the other that he has not. However, regarding the sacrifices required for the purifying process of the metzoroh, everyone agrees that he has not discharged his responsibilities by bringing the sacrifice of a poor man.

R' Yaakov haLevi Landau, the son of the Noda Bihudoh, explains that since one of the seven causes of tzoraas (gemara Arochin 16a) is stinginess, by displaying this trait at the time of purification, we see that the metzoroh has not rid himself of this negative midoh.

The Chinuch in mitzvoh #123, dealing with the details of the laws of bringing an "oloh v'yoreid" sacrifice, says that if a poor man brought the sacrifice which is appropriate as an offering for the wealthy man, he has not discharged his obligation, and must bring that which is required of a poor man. Commentators ask that this seems to be contradictory to the mishnoh in N'go'im 14:12, which clearly states that if a poor metzoroh brought the sacrifices of the wealthy person, he has fulfilled his obligation. The Imrei Emes answered this question with the few succinct words; "This person is lacking a korbon."

Rabbi Menachem Ziemba zt"l Hy"d explained the words of the Imrei Emes. The Chinuch is discussing the sin-offerings of one who has defiled the Sanctuary or the sacrifices. The wealthy person is required to bring a lamb as a chatos. The poor person is required to bring two birds, one as a chatos, and one as an oloh.

When bringing the korbon of the wealthy person, which is only a chatos, the poor person has not brought an oloh, thus not fulfilling his requirements.

However, the mishnoh in N'go'im discusses a metzoroh. A wealthy metzoroh brings three animals, one for a chatos, one for an oloh, and one for an oshom. The poor person, likewise, brings three korbonos, a bird for a chatos, another bird for an oloh, and an animal for an oshom. Hence he has brought all three types of korbonos that are required of him even if he brings a wealthy man's korbonos.

This explanation of the Imrei Emes seems to make the Chinuch disagree with Ibn Ezra which was mentioned in parshas Vayikra. I take the liberty of presenting the Ibn Ezra and the commentary of the MESHECH CHOCHMOH again. The seeming disagreement is very apparent. < The gemara Chulin 22a says that the processing of the bird "oloh" may not be done at night because it is compared to the "chatos" bird offering that accompanies it, which may only be done by day. Someone asked the Rashb"o (T'shuvos hoRashb"o vol. 1, responsa #276), "How could anyone even entertain the thought that the "oloh" offering could be processed at night, since we have a teaching from Vayikroh 7:37,38 that ALL sacrifices must have their blood processing, avodas hadam, done by day?" The Rashb"o responded that he had no answer for this question, but suggested another text in the above gemara which totally leaves out the comparison of "olas ho'ofe" to "chatos ho'ofe."

The Ibn Ezra asks, "Why is there a need for an "oloh" altogether, since the original sacrifice was only a "chatos?" He answers that since the original sacrifice was a sheep or goat (5:6), there would have been a portion for the Kohein and a portion for the altar as well. However, if the poor person were to only bring a "chatos" offering of a bird, there would be nothing for the altar. The sole purpose of bringing the "oloh" bird offering is to give the altar its portion.

The MESHECH CHOCHMOH says that according to this Ibn Ezra we can understand why there is a need for a special teaching that THIS "olas ho'ofe" cannot be processed at night. Although no sacrifices may be processed at night, but since the whole purpose of bringing this "oloh" was to offer the altar its portion; there is good reason to believe that this would be an exception. The burning of "olos" may be done at night, as mentioned in the first mishneh of Brochos regarding burning of parts of korbonos at night. Similarly, one might think that the complete processing of this particular "oloh" might be done at night. Therefore we need a special comparison to its accompanying offering, the "chatos ho'ofe", that it may only be done by day.

The MESHECH CHOCHMOH had a visitor on the day that the above Torah thought came to his mind. The MESHECH CHOCHMOH told his guest that he had taken a short midday nap that day and had a dream in which the Rashboh appeared to him and told him that the MESHECH CHOCHMOH had answered the question posed to the Rashboh in a far superior manner.>>

A possible way of avoiding a Chinuch-Ibn Ezra disagreement might be by saying that after there is a verse advising us that there is a requirement to process the "olas ho'ofe" during the daytime, by comparing it (hekish) to the "chatos ho'ofe," this gives the "olas ho'ofe" an intrinsic value as an independent korbon, not just as a way to avoid depriving the altar of its portion of the korbon. This independent korbon is missing when the poor man brings the korbon of the wealthy person.

Ch. 14, v. 22: "V'hoyoh echod chatos v'HOechod oloh" - When the Torah mentions the bird for a chatos it simply says that one is a chatos, but by the oloh the Torah says that THE one is an oloh, with a definitive Hei. We find the Torah discussing pairs of birds as chatos and oloh offerings in five other places. In 5:7 by the sacrifice for "shvuas bituy" of a poor person they are mentioned, but without the definitive Hei by the oloh, in 12:8 by the sacrifice of a poor woman who had given birth, but again without the definitive Hei by the oloh, in 15:15 by the sacrifice of a "zov godol," and with the definitive Hei by the oloh, as in our verse, and in 15:30 by the sacrifice of a zovoh g'doloh, again with the definitive Hei by the oloh, and in Bmidbar 6:11, by the sacrifice of a nozir who became defiled thrugh a corpse during his nozir period, without a definitive Hei.

All this can perhaps be explained based on the Ibn Ezra, etc., who posit that the poor man's bird oloh that is required, even though when wealthy he only had to bring a chatos, was brought to not deprive the altar of its burnt offering. Rabbi Yitzchok Zev Brisker points out another instance of the definitive Hei before the word "echod" by a sacrifice. In Shmos 29:39, by the parsha of the daily oloh sacrifices the verse says "Es ha'keves HOechod taaseh vaboker," and when mentioned in Bmidbar 28:4, where the Torah again discusses the daily oloh sacrifices the verse leaves out the definitive Hei, and only says "Es ha'keves echod." He explains the difference as follows: In Shmos the Torah discusses the daily oloh sacrifices in the context of the dedication, although stating in verse 42 that this is a daily sacrifices for all generations. The halacha is that if for some reason the morning oloh was not brought on the day of dedication it negates bringing the afternoon one as well, therefore the definitive Hei by the morning offering. After the Mishkon/Mikdosh has been dedicated, if one day the morning oloh is not brought, the afternoon one is still brought. This is why in Bmidbar, where it discusses the daily oloh sacrifices not in the context of the dedication, the letter Hei is omitted, as the morning sacrifice does not negate bringing the afternoon one.

Armed with this point, that the definitive Hei indicates that the offering is an absolute must, we may well explain the appearance or lack thereof in these five places. In 5:7, by the offering of the poor man by "tumas Mikdosh v'kodoshov, shvuas bituy, etc.," the Torah omits the Hei because the bringing of an oloh is not absolutely necessary, even for the poor man. If he were to bring the sacrifice of a wealthy man he would only bring a sheep or a goat as a chatos and no oloh since the only reason he brings an oloh is to not deprive the altar, as per the Ibn Ezra. This is not in keeping with the opinion of the Imrei Emes in his answer for the Chinuch. However, even according to the Chinuch this could be explained. There is a third level, called "da'lei dalus" by "tumas Mikdosh v'kodoshov, shvuas bituy, etc." This allows an extremely poor person to offer only a chatos meal offering. When a poor man offers a sheep as a chatos only, the wealthy person's offering, he has not fulfilled his oloh requirement. He is in no position to elevate himself to being a wealthy man at this moment. However, a poor man of the "dal" status can relinquish his meager property and become a "dal sheb'dalim" and a minchas chatos is sufficient for him. Whether just the ability to do so is sufficient, or a requirement to actually do so is required, either way it is in his control to immediately fulfill his requirement with only a minchas chatos. The oloh is expendable, and hence, there is no definitive prefix Hei for his oloh.

In 12:8 again the Torah omits the definitive Hei. This is simply explained because the verse does not even discuss the OFFERING of the birds, but rather, their sanctification. The verse says that one should sanctify the oloh ahead of the chatos. Sanctifying in this order is not absolutely necessary, as if one were to reverse the order the sacrifices would still be totally acceptable.

In 15:15 and 15:30 the poor "zov's" and "zovoh's" offering of an oloh is absolutely necessary. There is no "oloh v'yoreid" here and the pair of birds is absolutely necessary for their purification process to be total.

In Bmidbar 6:11, although the oloh is a must, the verse also says "v'kidash es rosho ba'yom hahu," meaning that he is able to become resanctified and begin his count again on that day. The gemara Nozir 18a,b and 19a cites numerous opinions regarding which, if any, of the sacrifices must be brought to allow for the commencement of his post-tuomh nazir period. Eveyone agrees that the oloh bird is not critical, hence no definitive Hei.

What remains to be explained is why by "zovoh g'doloh" in 15:30, the verse prefixes the chatos with a definitive Hei, something that we do not find in any of the other four places.

Ch. 14, v. 51: "V'hizoh el haba'yis" - The Toras Kohanim 5:14 says that the Kohein should sprinkle the mixture onto the lintel (the horizontal upper door post) of the house. The MESHECH CHOCHMOH explains this with the gemara Yoma 11b, which says that a "nega" that appears on a house is caused by stinginess, as indicated by the words "Asher LO haba'yis" (14:35). The house is only for HIS use, and he does not lend household vessels to others, claiming that he has none to lend. The "nega" forces him to remove his vessels (verse 36) and all see that he has many vessels. A "nega" that appears on one's body is caused by loshon hora.

The gemara K'suvos 5b says that one should not listen to loshon hora. If he hears someone speaking loshon hora he has the physical tools to block it from entering his ears. He may either place the tips of his smallest fingers into his ears, or (if he is learning Torah at the time and by placing his fingers into his ears he will defile his hands and require cleansing them, thus causing "bitul Torah") press his ear lobes into the ear canal, effectively blocking out inappropriate audio reception.

This is the reason the Torah requires placing blood of the sacrifice and oil onto his ear lobes and fingers, to remind him that had he made use of these tools and blocked out the words of loshon hora, he would not have become a "metzoroh." Similarly, says the MESHECH CHOCHMOH, the medrash tells us that the sprinkling of the mixture onto the house is specifically aimed at the lintel of the doorway, to indicate that the owner should not have his door locked, but rather have it wide open for guests and lending of vessels.

Ch. 15, v. 15: "V'chi'peir olov haKohein …… mizovo" - And the Kohein shall cleanse him …… of his flow - When the offering is brought for a "zovoh g'doloh" the verse says, "V'chi'peir o'lehoh mizov tumosoh" (15:30). Why is there no mention of the "zov's" impurity? The Meshech Chochmoh answers that when a "zov" has two emissions he is already defiled for the following seven days. The addition of a third day only adds on the requirement to have an offering brought to cleanse him, but no additional impurity. Thus the bringing of the offering only serves to purify his emissions and not his impurity, as the seven day period applies even where there is no offering. A woman who experiences "zivoh" for a third day enters into a new level of impurity, now having to have no flow for seven consecutive days and to bring an offering to become purified. Thus processing her offering brings both cleansing from her flow and her impurity.

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