A growing trend is to have permanent makeup applied and thus avoid the prohibition of applying makeup on Shabbos. Is there any problem with this?

As far as Hilchos Shabbos is concerned there is no problem with having permanent makeup applied. However, permanent makeup is applied in a manner very similar to tattooing [1], which raises a serious problem of tattoo making. A competent rav must be consulted as to whether it is permitted.

May one use a toilet bowl freshener that colors the water on Shabbos?

This is a complicated issue and is subject to a machlokes (disagreement) amongst the poskim. As such, we will not render a halachik ruling rather we will present the various problems involved and as for personal conduct one must receive a ruling from one’s rav.

1) Coloring – The first problem is that the soap colors the water. As we have learnt in previous sheets it is prohibited to dye any substance other than food (even foods some say may only be dyed by-the-way, but not solely for the color).

The water in the toilet bowl is colored on purpose with the intention of giving the water a fresh and disinfected appearance. [2]

2) Fragrance – The second problem is adding fragrance to the water. The Mishna Berura in Hilchos Yom Tov [3] says that it is forbidden to introduce a fragrance into water intending that the water smells nice. One cannot say that it is done by-the-way because one’s intention is to have the water appear fresh and clean.

3) Nolad – a new substance. Some authorities are concerned with the fact the soap-like substance is transformed from a solid into a liquid, which is a problem of Molid, as mentioned in the Rama. [4]

What about wearing ‘photogray’ lenses on Shabbos?

Photogray lenses darken when in sunlight and return to become clear when out of the sunlight. No coloring is physically added to the lenses in the process. What happens is that a certain substance in the lens changes color when in the sunlight. When back indoors the normal coloring returns to the lens and the color disappears. Rav Moshe Feinstein ztz”l ruled that it is not a problem of ‘coloring’ because nothing is in fact being colored. The proof is that after a few minutes indoors the color disappears. This process is continues ad infitum.

Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach ztz”l adds that since one does not do anything in particular towards coloring the lenses it is permitted. See the following paragraph. [5]

What about the use of celluloid strip that is used to measure one’s temperature. Is it a problem of ‘coloring’ due to the color change in the process?

There are various types on the market and the halacha varies accordingly. Here too there is a machlokes amongst the poskim with regards to its use on Shabbos. We will merely present the issues, but for a ruling one must approach one’s rav.

Type I: certain squares change color when placed on the forehead indicating whether the person has a fever. It would appear that it shares the same status as the photogray lenses, however in this case one is actively causing the color to change adding a certain measure of stringency to the issue. [6]

Type II: Digits or letters are visible even before applying heat to the celluloid strip and when heat is applied the digits become colored. This type is a bit more problematic than the previous type because one is coloring letters and making them more visible. [7]

Type III: Nothing is visible on the celluloid strip and when heat is applied to the strip letters or digits become visible. This is far worse than the previous types because one is executing temporary writing. Even though no ink is added in the process, nevertheless we find that the P’ri Megadim writes that it is prohibited to place a piece of paper with invisible ink over a flame thereby exposing the hidden letters. Rav Shlomo Zalman rules that our case is of a similar halachik stature and is forbidden to use.