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Chulin 21
CHULIN 21 - This Daf has been sponsored by Dr. and Mrs. Shalom Kelman of
Baltimore, Maryland, USA. May Hashem bless them with long years filled
with Torah, Chidushei Torah, and Nachas!
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1a) [line 1] EIMA V'CHEN HU OSEH - say that this is how he does it (Melikah)
b) [line 2] CHOSECH SHIDRAH U'MAFREKES B'LO ROV BASAR - he severs the spine
and the neckbone without a majority of the flesh around it (that is, he
thrusts his finger into the neck and makes a hole through which he breaks
the neckbone, and only afterwards does he cut the majority of flesh around
the neckbone)
2) [line 3] KI SALIK REBBI ZEIRA - when Rebbi Zeira went up [to Eretz
Yisrael from Bavel]
3) [line 4] V'CHI MESAH OMED U'MOLEK - and once it has died (and is
considered like a Neveilah), he goes and does Melikah to it?!
4) [line 5] ISHTOMAM K'SHA'AH CHADA - he (Rebbi Ami) was quiet for a moment,
thinking how he would answer this question (this is a quote from Daniel
4:16, where the verse describes Daniel's reaction when he heard
Nevuchadnetzar's dream.)
5) [line 8] CHATAS HA'OF
(a) The offering of the Chatas ha'Of (which is brought by a Zav and Zavah,
by a Yoledes and Metzora who are poor, and by a poor person who was Nishba
l'Sheker, or who transgressed Shevu'as ha'Edus, or was Metamei Mikdash
v'Kodashav) consists of three procedures (see, for example, Vayikra 5:8-9):
Melikah, Hazayah, and Mitzuy.
1. MELIKAH - Standing on the floor of the Azarah near the southwestern
corner of the Mizbe'ach, the Kohen cuts the back of the neck of the bird
with his right thumbnail. He makes sure to cut one Siman (either the trachea
or the esophagus), but does not sever both Simanim ("v'Lo Yavdil" - Vayikra
5:8).
2. HAZAYAH - The Kohen sprinkles its blood on the Mizbe'ach (directly from
the neck of the bird), below the Chut ha'Sikra (red line) that is located
halfway up the Mizbe'ach.
3. MITZUY - The Kohen presses the cut neck of the bird to the Mizbe'ach and
squeezes its remaining blood onto the Mizbe'ach.
(b) The Chatas ha'Of is eaten by the Kohanim, in the Azarah, on the day that
it is offered and the following night. No part of it was burned on the
Mizbe'ach ("Ein Mimenu la'Ishim").
6a) [line 9] VESHET - esophagus
b) [line 9] KANEH - trachea
7) [line 16] NISHBERAH MAFREKES V'ROV BASAR IMAH METAMEI V'OHEL - if the
neckbone [of a person] broke and most of the flesh around it became
detached, [the person is considered to be dead and] his body causes Tum'as
Ohel (MES: TUM'AS OHEL)
(a) See Background to Chulin 13:20.
(b) The Rambam (Hilchos Tum'as Mes 1:15) writes, "A corpse is not Metamei
until the soul departs entirely, even if the body is dismembered or
moribund. Even if the two Simanim (esophagus and trachea) have been severed,
the body is not Metamei until the soul departs, as the verse states,
'b'Nefesh ha'Adam Asher Yamus' - '[Whoever touches] the dead body of any man
who has died'" (Bamidbar 19:13). If his neckbone is broken and most of the
flesh around it is detached, or he was cut like a fish from his back, or his
head was shattered, or his body was cut in half at his abdomen, the body is
Metamei, even though it still has movement in any of its limbs."
8) [line 17] OSO MA'ASEH D'ELI - the incident involving Eli
(a) Eli was one of the last Shoftim of Benei Yisrael. He served as the Kohen
Gadol in the Mishkan in Shilo. He led the people for forty years (Shmuel I
4:18).
(b) When Eli was 98 years old, the Pelishtim attacked Benei Yisrael. The
Aron ha'Kodesh was taken out to the battlefield in order to sway the outcome
of the war. However, due to certain sins of the people, the war effort of
Benei Yisrael was unsuccessful, and the Pelishtim captured the Aron
ha'Kodesh (Shmuel I 4:1-11). In the same battle, Eli's two sons, Chofni and
Pinchas, were killed. When the news of the Aron's capture, and the death of
his sons, was brought to Eli, he fell backwards off of his chair and died
instantly. The verse relates that the righteous Eli died not from news of
the death of his sons, but from the news that the holy Aron had been
captured.
(c) See Background to Makos 11:38 with regard to the sons of Eli.
9) [line 19] "VA'YEHI CH'HAZKIRO..." - "And it came to pass, that when he
mentioned the ark of HaSh-m, that he (Eli) fell off backwards from the seat
by the side of the gate, and his neckbone was broken, and he died; for he
was an old man, and heavy. And he had judged Yisrael for forty years."
(Shmuel I 4:18)
10) [line 23] KERA'O K'DAG - he was torn like a fish (lengthwise, from his
back)
11) [line 24] ASA'AH GISTERA - he made it (an animal) into two (he cut it in
half)
12) [line 25] NITAL HA'YERECH V'CHALAL SHELAH (NIKAR) - the thigh and its
cavity were removed (that is, the entire leg was removed, including some of
the flesh at the point that it connects to the body, without leaving any
stump)
13) [line 27] KOL SHE'REVUTZAH V'NIR'EIS CHASERAH - any animal that lies
down and it is seen to be lacking. (When an animal lies down on its legs,
its legs are covered and cannot be seen. If the animal -- that has had its
leg and flesh from the cavity removed -- were to lie down and there would be
a noticeable depression where the leg was once attached, then the animal is
considered a Neveilah.)
14a) [line 27] HUT'ZU ROSHEIHEN - their heads were cut off (according to
RASHI, this refers to the Shemoneh Sheratzim; according to TOSFOS, this
refers to animals and birds)
b) [line 28] AF AL PI SHE'MEFARKESIN TEMEI'IM - even though they are
convulsing, they are Temei'im (TUM'AS SHERETZ)
See Background to Chulin 3:3; see also Insights to Chulin 21:1.
15) [line 28] K'ZANAV HA'LETA'AH SHE'MEFARKESES - like the tail of a lizard
that convulses spasmodically (even though there is no life in the tail)
16a) [line 38] "V'ES HA'SHENI YA'ASEH OLAH KA'MISHPAT" - "and the second one
he shall offer as an Olah, according to the law" (Vayikra 5:10)
b) [line 38] OLAH KA'MISHPAT (OLAS HA'OF SHEL SHEMI'AS HA'KOL)
(a) A person brings a Korban Oleh v'Yored to atone for sins in three
specific cases: Shemi'as ha'Kol, i.e. Shevu'as ha'Edus (see Background to
Shevuos 30:1), Tum'as Mikdash v'Kodashav (see Background to Shevuos 2:2) and
Shevu'as Bituy (see Background to Shevuos 2:1). RASHI (DH b'Chatas ha'Of and
DH v'Es ha'Sheni) only mentions Shemi'as ha'Kol since this is the first of
these three sins mentioned (Vayikra 5:1).
(b) What constitutes a Korban Oleh v'Yored varies based on the means of the
penitent. If he is wealthy, he brings a female sheep or goat as a Chatas
(Korban Ashir). If he cannot afford this, he brings two Torim or two Benei
Yonah, one as an Olah and one as a Chatas (Korban Oleh v'Yored b'Dalus). If
he cannot even afford the birds, he brings one tenth of an Eifah of fine
flour as a Minchas Chotei (Korban Oleh v'Yored b'Dalei Dalus). (Vayikra
5:6-13)
(c) The offering of the Olas ha'Of consists of four procedures:
1. MELIKAH - On the Sovev (see Background to Menachos 72:9) of the
Mizbe'ach, on the *southeastern* corner, the Kohen cuts the back of the neck
of the bird with his right thumbnail, making sure to cut both Simanim (the
trachea and the esophagus). (If the southeastern corner of the Sovev is
crowded with Kohanim offering the Olas ha'Of, then the additional Olas ha'Of
Korbanos are offered on the southwestern corner of the Mizbe'ach.)
2. MITZUY - The Kohen presses the cut part of the head and body of the bird
onto the wall of the Mizbe'ach, above the Chut ha'Sikra (red line) that is
located halfway up the Mizbe'ach.
3. HAKTARAS HA'ROSH - The Kohen salts the head and throws it into the fire
on the Mizbe'ach.
4. HAKTARAS HA'GUF - The Kohen cuts out the crop and surrounding feathers of
the bird (or, according to some Tana'im, the crop and the intestines --
Zevachim 65a) and throws them to the ash-pile at the side of the ramp of the
Mizbe'ach. He then tears the bird apart (Shesiyah), salts it, and throws it
into the fire.
17) [line 41] "V'HIKRIVO..." - "And the Kohen shall offer *it*" (Vayikra
1:15)
- This verse singles out the Olas ha'Of, distinguishing it from other
Korbanos in the ways in which the Gemara proceeds to discuss.
21b---------------------------------------21b
18a) [line 1] MIN HA'CHULIN - from non-consecrated property (KOL DAVAR
SHEB'CHOVAH EINO BA ELA MIN HA'CHULIN)
(a) Every Korban that a person is required to bring must be set aside from
animals that are Chulin (non-consecrated). This applies whether the
obligation to bring the Korban stems from the Torah, such as Pesach, Chatas,
Asham, etc., or whether it stems from the person himself, such as if he
vowed to bring a Korban Olah, Shelamim or Todah. He does not fulfill his
obligation unless he sets aside and offers as the Korban an animal that is
Chulin. Therefore, if the person owns an animal that he already set aside as
a Korban by declaring it a Nedavah (e.g. by saying, "This animal shall be a
Shelamim"), or if he owns money that was used for the redemption of Ma'aser
Sheni (which retains the Kedushah of Ma'aser Sheni), he cannot fulfill his
obligation by bringing the animal that was declared a Nedavah, or by
purchasing an animal for his Korban with the money that was used to redeem
Ma'aser Sheni (Menachos 82a).
(b) If a person vows to bring a Korban and specifies *at the time of his
vow* that he may bring an animal that is already Kadosh, or that he may
purchase an animal with money that was used to redeem Ma'aser Sheni, then he
*does* fulfill his vow with the animal that was Kadosh as a Nedavah or with
the money that was used to redeem Ma'aser Sheni (ibid.).
b) [line 1] BA'YOM - a Korban may be brought only during the day, as the
verse states with regard to the Chatas of Yom ha'Kipurim, "Ki *va'Yom*
ha'Zeh Yechaper Aleichem" (Vayikra 16:30)
c) [line 1] B'YADO HA'YEMANIS - [the applications of blood must be
performed] with his right hand
19) [line 4] "U'MALAK... V'HIKTIR" - "and the Kohen shall perform
Melikiah... and he shall burn it [on the Mizbe'ach]" (Vayikra 1:15)
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