ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS
prepared by Rabbi Eliezer Chrysler
Kollel Iyun Hadaf, Jerusalem
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Ta'anis 26
TA'ANIS 26 - sponsored in memory of Fishel Yitzchok ben Shmuel (Yahrzeit: 16
Elul) by his children and grandchildren.
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Questions
***** Perek bi'Sheloshah Perakim *****
1)
(a) The Tana says that on three occasions in the year the Kohanim Duchen four
times (a statement which the Gemara will amend). What are ...
- ... the three occasions - are on Ta'aniyos, Ma'amados and Yom Kipur.
- ... the four times - Shachris, Musaf, Minchah and Ne'ilah.
(b) Besides the closing of the gates of the Beis Hamikdash - 'Ne'ilas
She'arim' can also mean the closing of the gates of Heaven (which close after
Yisrael have Davened Minchah).
(c) We learn from the Pasuk in Pinchas "Tzav es B'nei Yisrael ... es Korbani
Lachmi ... " - that Yisrael are the owners of the Korban Tamid, and that
(since it is not correct for someone's Korban to be brought in his absence),
they should appoint representatives to stand by the Tamid whenever it is
brought.
(d) The early prophets (Shmuel and David) - instituted the Ma'amados.
2)
(a) The Ma'amados corresponded to the twenty-four Mishmaros. There were
Ma'amados - both in Yerushalayim and in the other towns of Yisrael.
(b) The men of the Ma'amad in the towns used to - Daven that the Korban Tamid
should be accepted, fast and Lein.
(c) They would fast from Monday through Thursday.
(d) They would Lein ...
- ... on Sunday - "Bereishis" and "Yehi Raki'a".
- ... on Monday - "Yehi Raki'a" and "Yikavu ha'Mayim".
- ... on Friday - "va'Totzei ha'Aretz" and "va'Yechulu".
3)
(a) They needed to Lein two Parshiyos each day - because they did not have
the required number of Pesukim (ten, or at least nine) in either of the
prescribed Parshiyos.
(b) They arranged the three Aliyos - by calling up two for the bigger
Parshah, and one for the smaller.
(c) They Leined each day - at Shachris, Musaf and Minchah.
(d) The men of the Ma'amad did not gather to Lein - at Minchah on Friday,
because of Kevod Shabbos.
4)
(a) On a day when Hallel was recited (i.e. Chanukah - Tosfos DH 'be'Chol') -
the men of the Ma'amad would omit the Ma'amad of Shachris (i.e. Davening for
their brothers' Korbanos to be accepted).
(b) They would omit ...
1. ... Ma'amados at Ne'ilah, on a day when the Korban Musaf was brought -
because they were busy on account of the extra Korbanos that the Musaf
comprised (at least two lambs - on Shabbos). It goes without saying that the
Ma'amados at Minchah were also omitted.
2. ... Ma'amados at Minchah, on a day when the Korban Eitzim was brought -
because the Korban that accompanied the donation of wood kept them busy (they
did however, say the Ma'amados at Ne'ilah.
(c) The Kohanim of the Ma'amad (who were apparently chosen from the Mishmar
of that week) were Patur - because they were busy bringing the Musafim; the
Yisre'eilim - because they were busy chopping wood and drawing water for the
needs of the Korban. Note: the Giv'onim performed these tasks for the
Kohanim's personal needs, but not for Hashem's (i.e. for the Korbanos) -
Tosfos Yom-Tov.
(d) This is the opinion of Rebbi Akiva - ben Azai quoting Rebbi Yehoshua (to
whom Rebbi Akiva later concedes) reverses the Halachos: according to him,
whenever there was a Korban Musaf, they omitted the Ma'amad at Minchah (but
not at Ne'ilah), whereas when there was a Korban Eitzim, they omitted the
Ma'amad at Ne'ilah, too.
5)
(a) Z'man Atzei Kohanim ve'ha'Am comprised nine fixed days in the year - on
which certain designated families donated wood each year for the Korbanos.
Together with their donation they brought a Korban of wood.
(b) Those particular families were chosen - on the basis of their having
stepped forward and donated wood (on those same dates) when it was needed
(after Yisrael returned from Bavel and re-built the second Beis Hamikdash).
(c) The family of Orach ben Yehudah was the first to bring the Korban Eitzim
- and their designated date was the first of Nisan.
(d) The second family to bring the Korban Eitzim (on the twentieth of Tamuz)
- was that of David ben Yehudah (alias David Hamelech).
6)
(a) What the B'nei Zeisu ben Yehudah, the B'nei Gonvei Ali and the B'nei
Kotz'ei Ketzi'os had in common was - that they were all one and the same.
(b) Kohanim and Levi'im, as well as anyone who did not know to which tribe he
belonged - brought the Korban Eitzim together with them on the fifteenth of
Av.
(c) The last family on the list was that of Par'osh ben Yehudah, who brought
the Korban Eitzim on Rosh Chodesh Teives. The distinction that marked ...
1. ... Par'osh ben Yehudah from all the other families - was the fact that
they were the only ones that donated twice.
2. ... Rosh Chodesh Teives from all the other dates - was the fact that
(since both the Korban Musaf and a Korban Eitzim were brought on it) no
Ma'amados were said.
26b---------------------------------------26b
Questions
7)
(a) The two calamities ...
1. ... (besides the smashing of the Luchos, the nullification of the Tamid
and the breaching of the walls of Yerushalayim in the time of the first Beis-
Hamikdash) that occurred on Shiv'ah-Asar be'Tamuz - were 1. Apostomos (a
Greek officer) burned the Torah (possibly the Seifer-Torah that Ezra wrote -
see Tif'eres Yisrael), and 2. Menasheh, King of Yehudah in the time of the
*first* Beis Hamikdash) placed an image in the Heichal (though some say that
it was Apostomus who did so)
2. ... (besides the decree that the generation that left Egypt would not
enter Eretz Yisrael and the destruction of both Batei Mikdash) that occurred
on Tish'ah be'Av - were 1. Beitar was captured (following the revolt of Bar
Kochba, fifty-two years after the Churban of the second Beis Hamikdash), and
2. Turnusrufus turned Yerushalayim into a plowed field (shortly after the
destruction of the second Beis-Hamikdash).
(b) When Av enters - we minimize Simchah.
(c) The Tana of our Mishnah forbids - having a hair-cut (and shaving) and
washing one's clothes during the week of Tish'ah be'Av.
(d) Washing one's clothes (li'Chevod Shabbos) is permitted on Thursday - when
Tish'ah be'Av falls on Friday (because, when it falls earlier in the week, it
goes without saying, that everything is permitted afterwards.
8)
(a) The Tana Kama forbids three (additional) things on Erev Tish'ah be'Av -
eating two cooked foods, eating meat and drinking wine.
(b) Raban Shimon ben Gamliel requires a change (which will be explained in
the Gemara). Rebbi Yehudah adds the obligation of overturning one's bed (and
not sleeping on it - as was customary by a mourner in the times of the
Gemara). However, the Rabbanan disagree with him.
9)
(a) Raban Shimon ben Gamliel describes Yom Kipur and Chamishah-Asar be'Av as
the greatest Yamim-Tovim - on them, he says, the girls would go out to the
vineyards and dance.
(b) They would all wear borrowed dresses - so as not to embarrass the poor
girls, who could not afford to buy nice dresses.
(c) All the dresses required Tevilah - since one girl did not know for
certain that the girl from whom she had borrowed was Tehorah.
(d) The girls would say to the young men who might be watching them - 'See
what you are choosing. Don't look for beauty, look at the family! "Sheker
ha'Chein ... Ishah Yir'as Hashem Hi Tis'halal" (Mishlei). "T'nu Lah mi'Pri
Yadehah ... " (Shir Hashirim).
10)
(a) Much of this is hinted in the Pasuk in Shir ha'Shirim "Tze'enah u'Re'enah
B'nos Tzi'on ba'Melech Sh'lomoh ... ". "ha'Melech Sh'lomoh" refers to
Hashem ('to whom peace belongs').
(b) The Pasuk there concludes "be'Yom Chasunaso u've'Yom Simchas Libo".
- ... "be'Yom Chasunaso" - refers to the day on which the Torah was given.
- ... "u've'Yom Simchas Libo" - the day of the building of the Beis Hamikdash.
(c) "be'Yom Chasunaso", the day on which the Torah was given - refers (not to
Shavu'os but) to Yom Kipur, on which the *second* Luchos (which remained with
Yisrael) were given to K'lal Yisrael. Consequently, the connection between
this Pasuk and the previous section of the Mishnah, which speaks about Yom
Kipur and Chamishah-Asar be'Av is self-evident (even more so according to the
Bartenura, who points out that the [first] Beis Hamikdash too, was
inaugurated on Yom Kipur).
11)
Our Mishnah said that on three occasions in the year, the Kohanim would
Duchen four times. This statement is incorrect, since one does not one recite
Musaf on a Ta'anis or on a day of Ma'amados. However - there are words
missing in the Mishnah. What the Mishnah really says is that on three
occasions in the year, the Kohanim would Duchen whenever they Davened
(normally, three times), but on one of them (i.e. Yom Kipur) they even
Duchened four times .
12)
(a) The author of our Mishnah (which says that the Kohanim Duchen both at
Minchah of a fast-day and at Ne'ilah), says Rav Nachman quoting Rabah bar
Avuha, is Rebbi Meir. But according to the Chachamim (Rebbi Yehudah), they do
not Duchen at either of them. Presuming that the reason that there is no
Duchening at Minchah throughout the year is because the Kohanim may have
drunk wine - Rebbi Meir holds that seeing as this does not apply on a fast-
day, there is no reason for them not to Duchen; whereas the Chachamim decree
a fats-day because of the rest of the year.
(b) Rebbi Yossi has a third opinion. He holds - that they do not Duchen at
Minchah on a fast-day, because he decrees Minchah of a fast-day (like the
Chachamim), but they do Duchen at Ne'ilah, seeing as there is no Ne'ilah
during the year, there is nothing to decree.
(c) Rav Yehudah quoting Rav, Rebbi Yochanan and Rava all rule like Rebbi Meir
(but in varying degrees).
1. ... Halachah ke'Rebbi Meir (Rav) means - that we even Darshen publicly at
the Derashah that the Halachah is like Rebbi Meir.
2. ... Minhag ke'Rebbi Meir (Rava) - that we will inform anyone who comes to
ask, that the Halachah is like Rebbi Meir, but we will not go so far as to
Darshen it publicly.
3. ... Nahagu ke'Rebbi Meir (Rebbi Yochanan) means - that if someone follows
Rebbi Meir's opinion, we will not force him to retract, though should he come
to ask, we will not rule like him.
(d) The Gemara's conclusion however, is like Rav Nachman - who rules like
Rebbi Yossi.
13)
(a) The reason that Kohanim Duchen at Minchah of a fast-day nowadays is -
because, since we tend to Daven Minchah late, it is like Ne'ilah (at which
the Kohanim Duchen - according to Rebbi Yossi).
(b) We learn from the juxtaposition of ...
1. ... Birchas Kohanim to the Parshah of Nazir - that a Kohen is forbidden to
drink wine before Duchening, just like a Nazir is forbidden to drink wine.
2. ... the word "le'Sharso" to "u'le'Varech bi'Shemo" - that he is however,
permitted to eat grapes before Duchening, just as he is permitted to do
before performing the Avodah.
(c) We nevertheless learn that a Kohen who has a blemish is not invalidated
from Birchas Kohanim - from the juxtaposition of Birchas Kohanim to Nazir.
(d) We Darshen these Pesukim leniently (to permit a Kohen who has eaten
grapes and a Kohen who has a blemish to Duchen, from a Kohen who performs
the Avodah and from a Nazir respectively), and not stringently (to forbid a
Kohen who has eaten grapes [from a Nazir], and one who has a blemish [from a
Kohen who performs the Avodah]) - on the grounds that the main Halachah
(prohibiting a Kohen to drink wine before Duchening) is really Asur
mi'de'Rabbanan, and the Derashah from the Juxtaposition next to Nazir is only
an Asmachta.
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