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Avodah Zarah 66
1a) [line 1] CHAMRA ATIKA - old wine (that has a taste different from
grapes)
b) [line 2] CHAMRA CHADTA - new wine (that tastes like grapes)
2a) [line 2] B'MASHEHU (MIN B'MINO)
(a) When a forbidden object is mixed with a permitted object, the mixture
may be prohibited to be eaten mid'Oraisa, prohibited to be eaten
mid'Rabanan, or permitted to be eaten, as follows:
1. If most of the mixture is Isur, it is prohibited mid'Oraisa.
2. If most of the mixture is Heter, but the Isur is more than one sixtieth
of the Heter, i.e. the Isur is "Nosen Ta'am" (lends taste) to the Heter, it
is prohibited mid'Rabanan (since "Ta'am k'Ikar," the "taste" is like the
essence is a Din d'Rabanan -- there are those who prohibit this mixture
mid'Oraisa, when the two mixed substances are unidentical ("Min beshe'Eino
Mino"), asserting that "Ta'am k'Ikar" is mid'Oraisa).
3. If the amount of Isur is less than one sixtieth of the Heter, and is not
Nosen Ta'am to the Heter, the mixture is permitted.
(b) The above applies when unidentical substances are mixed (e.g. they were
cooked together and the Isur is Nosen Ta'am to the Heter). However, when a
liquid mixes with an identical liquid, the Tana'im argue as to the status of
the mixture. According to Rabanan, since identical substances are not Nosen
Ta'am to each other at all, the Isur can be nullified by a majority of Heter
(and sixty parts of Heter are not required). According to Rebbi Yehudah, the
opposite is true. Even a miniscule amount of Isur prohibits the mixture,
since mid'Oraisa the Isur is not nullified at all. (When two identical *dry*
substances become mixed together, all agree that the majority in the mixture
determines the mixture's Halachic status -- TOSFOS Yevamos 82a, DH Rebbi
Yehudah. See, however, RASHI cited by Tosfos 81b DH Rebbi Yehudah.)
b) [line 3] B'NOSEN TA'AM (MIN BESHE'EINO MINO B'NOSEN TA'AM) - see
previous entry
3) [line 3] BASAR TA'AMA AZLINAN / BASAR SHEMA AZLINAN
Abaye and Rava argue regarding how we rule in a case of a forbidden item
that became mixed with a permitted item. Abaye maintains that we follow the
*taste* of the items. In a case where the two items (such as new wine and
grapes) have the same taste, it is considered a mixture of Min b'Mino (in
which forbidden and permitted quantities of the same species are mixed
together). The entire mixture is forbidden if it contains even a small
amount of Yayin Nesech. Rava maintains that we follow the *names* of the
items. Since new wine and grapes are defined and labeled as different items,
it is considered a mixture of Min b'she'Eino Mino (in which forbidden and
permitted quantities of different species are mixed together). The Yayin
Nesech forbids the entire mixture only if its taste is noticeable in the
mixture.
4a) [line 5] MIN B'MINO B'MASHEHU - see above, entry #2a:b
b) [line 8] MIN BESHE'EINO MINO B'NOSEN TA'AM - see above, entry #2a:a:2
5a) [line 14] CHALA D'CHAMRA - wine vinegar
b) [line 15] CHALA D'SHICHRA - vinegar made from beer
6a) [line 15] CHAMIRA D'CHITEI - wheat sourdough
b) [line 15] CHAMIRA D'SA'AREI - barley sourdough
7) [line 24] TAVLIN - spices
8a) [line 24] SHENAYIM V'SHELOSHAH SHEMOS - (a) two or three different names
(species; RASHI); (b) two or three different prohibitions (TOSFOS, RITVA).
See Insights.
b) [line 24] V'HEN MIN ECHAD - and they are of one species
c) [line 24] O MIN SHELOSHAH - or three different species (the YA'AVETZ
corrects the Girsa to read, "O SHELOSHAH MINIM")
d) [line 25] ASURIN U'MITZTARFIN - they are forbidden and they combine [to
form the minimum amount (i.e. Nosen Ta'am) which forbids the permitted food]
9) [line 25] MINEI MESIKAH - types of sweet [spices]
10) [line 26] L'MATEK BAHEN ES HA'KEDEIRAH - to sweeten the cooked dish
(lit. the pot)
11) [line 28] KULEI CHAD TA'AMA HU - they all have the same taste
66b---------------------------------------66b
12a) [line 1] REICHEI CHALA V'TA'AMA CHAMRA, CHALA - if its bouquet is that
of vinegar and its taste is that of wine, it is considered vinegar
b) [line 3] REICHEI CHALA V'TA'AMA CHAMRA, CHAMRA - if its bouquet is that
of vinegar and its taste is that of wine, it is considered wine
13) [line 5] BAS TIHA - (a) [a small reed that is placed into] a hole in the
stopper of a barrel of wine, to smell whether the wine is able to be stored
(RASHI, with the additional explanation of TOSFOS DH Bas); (b) a small reed
that is placed into a large reed that sticks out of a barrel of wine, to
smell the wine (TOSFOS, citing RABEINU CHANANEL, ARUCH)
14) [line 6] OVED KOCHAVIM BED'YISRAEL SHAPIR DAMI - when an idolater is the
one who is smelling the wine of a Jew, it is permitted
15a) [line 8] REICHA MILSA HI - the aroma of a substance is considered
significant, and smelling it is considered like drinking it
b) [line 9] REICHA LAV MILSA HI - the aroma of a substance is considered
insignificant
16) [line 11] SHE'HISIKO - that he stoked
17) [line 11] KAMON - cumin
18) [line 12] TERUMAH
See Background to Avodah Zarah 62:13.
19) [line 14] D'MIKLA ISUREI - the prohibited substance is destroyed
20) [line 15] HA'RODEH - one who peels the bread off the wall of the oven
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