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1) WHICH PROHIBITIONS FORBID "B'MASHEHU?" (Cont.)

(a) (Mishnah): The following are forbidden, if they became mixed (b'Mino and the forbidden one is not recognizable), they forbid a mixture of any amount:

1. Yayin Nesech, idolatry, hides with a hole (from which the heart was removed, an idolatrous practice), an ox sentenced to be stoned, a calf beheaded (when a murdered body is found), birds used to Metaher a Metzora, a Nazir's hair, a firstborn donkey (before it is redeemed), meat cooked with milk, the goat sent to Azazel on Yom Kipur, Chulin slaughtered in the Azarah.

(b) (Gemara) Question: What does the Tana list?

1. If he lists Devarim sheb'Minyan (things which are sold by number), he should also list (big) pieces of a Neveilah (that one can honor a guest by serving him such a piece)!
2. If he lists Isurei ha'Na'ah (things it is forbidden to benefit from), he should also list Chametz on Pesach!

(c) Answer (R. Chiya bar Aba): The Tana only lists (Rashba - things forbidden on account of idolatry, of any size, and) Devarim sheb'Minyan that are also Isurei ha'Na'ah. (Rashi - he holds that only things with both properties forbid b'Mashehu; Tosfos - even though some things with only one of these properties forbid b'Mashehu, the Tana does not list them).
(d) Question: Why didn't he list nuts of Parech (a place) and pomegranates of Badan (of Orlah) - these are Devarim sheb'Minyan that are also Isurei ha'Na'ah!
(e) Answer: Another Mishnah already teaches them.

1. (Mishnah): The following, if they are forbidden on account of Orlah (e.g. fruits) or Kilayim (are never Batul - nuts of Parech, pomegranates of Badan...);

(f) Question: Why didn't he list loaves of a Ba'al ha'Bayis, forbidden on account of Chametz?
(g) Answer: R. Akiva says that they forbid b'Mashehu, indeed he lists them in that Mishnah!
(h) (Mishnah): These are the prohibitions...
(i) Question: What does this come to exclude?
(j) Answer: It excludes Devarim sheb'Minyan that are not Isurei ha'Na'ah, and Isurei ha'Na'ah that are not Devarim sheb'Minyan.

(a) (Mishnah): If Yayin Nesech fell into a pit (of Kosher wine), it is forbidden to benefit from all the wine;
(b) R. Shimon ben Gamliel says, one may sell it all to a Nochri, except for the value of the Yayin Nesech.
(c) (Gemara - Rav): The Halachah follows R. Shimon ben Gamliel if a barrel of Yayin Nesech was lost among barrels of (Kosher) wine, but not if the wines mixed;

1. If a barrel of Yayin Nesech was lost among barrels of wine, or if wine of Nochrim (that we do not know whether or not it was offered to idolatry) was (lost among or) even mixed with Kosher wine, one may sell it all except for the value of the forbidden wine.

3) "KASHERING" A "GAS"

(a) (Mishnah): If a Nochri applied pitch to a stone Gas (winepress; presumably, he put wine on the pitch to absorb the bitterness (this is the usual practice), so it will not affect the wine that will be made), it suffices to (rinse and) dry it.
(b) Rebbi says, if it is made of wood, it suffices to dry it;
(c) Chachamim say, he must peel off the pitch.
(d) If it is made of earthenware, even if he peels off the pitch it is forbidden.
(e) Version #1 (Gemara - Rava): The Mishnah says that he must dry it only if the Nochri applied pitch, not if he pressed grapes in it (then, it suffices to rinse it).
(f) Objection: This is clear, the Mishnah only taught if he applied pitch!
(g) Answer: One might have thought, the same applies if he pressed grapes; the Mishnah mentioned applying pitch to teach that the practice is to put wine on it.
(h) Version #2 (Rava): The Mishnah says that drying is enough if the Nochri applied pitch, but if he pressed grapes in it, drying is not enough (one must peel off the pitch).
(i) Objection: This is clear, the Mishnah only taught if he applied pitch!
(j) Answer: One might have thought, the same applies if he pressed grapes; the Mishnah mentioned applying pitch to teach that the practice is to put wine on it.
(k) A man asked R. Chiya for someone who can Kasher his Gas; R. Chiya told Rav to be careful to do it properly.

1. Rav saw that it was very smooth; he said that it suffices to dry it.
2. Rav saw that there were cracks under the pitch, and there was wine inside; he said that the pitch must be peeled off.
3. Rav: This is why R. Chiya told me to be careful!

(a) (Beraisa - Rebbi): A Gas, bucket (used to draw wine from the Gas) or funnel (all made of earthenware) of a Nochri - it suffices to dry it;
(b) Chachamim forbid it.

1. Rebbi agrees that a Nochri's bottles are forbidden.
2. Question: What is the difference between bottles and the other vessels?
3. Answer: People leave wine in bottles for a long time, unlike the other vessels.

(c) If they are made of wood or stone, it suffices to dry them; if pitch was applied to them, they are forbidden.
(d) Question (Mishnah): If a Nochri applied pitch to a stone Gas, it suffices to dry it.
(e) Answer: The Mishnah discusses when he never pressed grapes in it; the Beraisa teaches that if he pressed grapes, drying is not enough.
(f) (Beraisa - Rebbi): A Gas, bucket (used to draw wine from the Gas) or funnel (all made of earthenware) of a Nochri - it suffices to dry it; Chachamim forbid it. (g) Question (Mishnah): If it is made of earthenware, even if he peels off the pitch it is forbidden.
(h) Answer (Rava): This last clause of the Mishnah is like Chachamim.
(i) (Rava): We use boiling water to Kasher a Gas.
(j) Version #1: When Rava would send empty barrels to Herpanya, he would put them upside down in a bag and seal the bag by the bottom of the barrel (to know if a Nochri used them, this is like a double seal; Rosh - since they were arranged thusly in the wagon, one could not turn them over to use them);
(k) Version #2 (Ramban): When Rava would send empty barrels to Herpanya, he would seal them at the top and bottom (this is like a single seal); (end of Version #2)

1. He holds that Chachamim decreed to forbid vessels used to store wine (for a long time) if forbidden wine was put in even for a short time.