ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS
prepared by Rabbi Eliezer Chrysler
Kollel Iyun Hadaf, Jerusalem
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Beitzah 23
Questions
1)
(a) Even though Molid Rei'ach is forbidden on Yom-Tov, one is permitted to
roll spices or even to break them to produce their aroma - because one is
not creating a *new* aroma, only increasing one that is already there.
(b) Rava finally permits Ishun even on coal - because it is no worse than
placing meat on coal, which also results in Kibuy and Hav'arah, as well as
creating a new smell on the coal, yet it is permitted (and as for not being
Shaveh le'Chol Nefesh, Rava holds like Shmuel, who compares this to
Shechting a deer, as we explained at the end of the previous Amud).
2)
(a) Rav Geviha from Bei Kasil permits 'Kitura' on Yom-Tov. 'Kitura' - means
either folding clothes professionally or smoking fruit.
(b) Ameimar thinks that folding clothes professionally should be Asur
because of Libun, and smoking fruit either because of Mechabeh or because of
Molid Reicha.
(c) Rav Ashi finally interprets 'Kitura' to mean - smoking fruit, and the
reason that it is permitted is because it is no worse than placing meat on
burning coals (as we just explained in 1b.).
3)
(a) Todos Ish Romi introduced in Rome - the custom of preparing a kid for
the Seder, roasted whole.
(b) The Chachamim sent him a message - that if not for the fact that he was
a great man, they would place him in Cherem.
4)
(a) Rebbi Elazar ben Azaryah allowed his cow to go in the street with a
pretty strap tied round its horns, scraping an animal on Yom-Tov with a
wooden or a metal brush, and grinding peppercorns in their own mill (even
though it resembles a wheat-mill - Hagahos Oshri, Si'man 24).
(b) Rebbi Yehudah partially disagrees with Rebbi Elazar ben Azaryah's
leniency regarding scraping an animal - he forbids using a metal brush with
small teeth, but concedes that a wooden one with large teeth is permitted.
(c) Our Mishnah relates how Rebbi Elazar ben Azarya allowed his cow to go
out with a strap between its horns - implying that he only had *one* cow;
but did Rav not inform us that Rebbi Elazar ben Azaryah (an extremely
wealthy man) used to Ma'aser thirteen thousand calves from his herd
annually?
(d) It was not Rebbi Elazar ben Azaryah whose cow went in the street with
the strap, but his neighbor. And because he did not rebuke her, Chazal
consider it as if *he* himself had sinned.
5)
(a) The Chachamim of Rebbi Elazar ben Azaryah forbid scraping a cow on Yom-
Tov - irrespective of whether it is a metal one or a wooden one.
(b) Rebbi Elazar ben Azaryah (who permits even using a metal brush with fine
teeth) holds 'Davar she'Ein Miskavein Mutar' (like Rebbi Shimon); Rebbi
Yehudah forbids a metal brush - because he holds 'Davar she'Ein Miskavein,
Asur'. He does *not* however, decree a wooden brush because of a metal one;
the Rabbanan follow the opinion of Rebbi Yehudah regarding 'Davar she'Ein
Miskaven', and they *do* decree a wooden brush because of a metal one.
(c) When Rav Nachman (possible quoting Shmuel) ruled like Rebbi Shimon,
because Rebbi Elazar ben Azaryah holds like him - he merely meant to say
that he ruled like Rebbi Shimon in any case, and that, in addition, Rebbi
Elazar ben Azaryah held like that, too.
(d) We cannot understand Rav Nachman's statement literally - because then,
he might just as well have said that the Halachah is like Rebbi Yehudah,
because the Chachamim hold like *him*.
23b---------------------------------------23b
Questions
6)
'A pepper-corn mill is subject to Tum'ah because of three vessels: because
of a receptacle, because of a metal vessel and because of a sifting vessel'.
In the context of our Mishnah ...
1. ... a receptacle - refers to the bottom vessel, which is meant to receive
the ground pepper, and which is subject to Tum'ah just like any other wooden
receptacle.
2. ... a metal vessel - refers to the top vessel, which grinds the
peppercorns. It is not a receptacle, but is subject to Tum'ah, because it is
made of metal.
3. ... a sifting vessel - refers to the middle vessel, which sifts the
flour, and which min ha'Torah, is not subject to Tum'ah if it is made of
wood, because it is not a receptacle; however, the Rabbanan decreed
(potential Tum'ah) on anything which is woven, and the sifting section of
this middle vessel is woven.
7)
(a) A baby-carriage is subject to Tum'as Medras - because it is made for a
child to sit in, and whatever is made for the specific purpose of standing,
sitting or lying is subject to Tum'as Medras.
(b) Consequently, if the child who sits in it is a Zav, the carriage becomes
Tamei Medras.
(c) It may also be picked up on Shabbos (i.e. it is not Muktzah), but it may
only be pulled along the ground on cloths - because otherwise, it plows up
the earth as it moves along, which involves plowing (in the field) or
building (in the house).
(d) Rebbi Yehudah permits even pulling it along the ground without cloths -
because it merely makes grooves by pushing the earth in, without actually
plowing it (which comprises churning it).
8)
(a) The author of our Mishnah (who forbids pulling the baby-carriage without
cloths) cannot be Rebbi Shimon - because he holds 'Davar she'Ein Miskaven,
Mutar'.
(b) In that case - the author must be Rebbi Yehudah.
(c) We reconcile this with the Seifa of our Mishnah, where Rebbi Yehudah
specifically permits pulling the baby-carriage without cloths - by
establishing a Machlokes Tana'im as to what Rebbi Yehudah holds here.
(d) The Tana Kama (in the name of Rebbi Yehudah) holds that the wheels of
the baby-carriage sometimes plow the earth (when the wheels fail to go round
properly); whereas, according to the Tana of the Seifa, the wheels push the
earth down, and do not plow it.
***** Hadran Alach 'Yom-Tov' *****
***** Perek Ein Tzadin *****
9)
(a) A Bibar ...
- ... for fish - is a fish-pond.
- ... for wild animals - is an enclosure.
(b) Our Mishnah forbids catching fish on Yom-Tov - because one could have
caught them before Yom-Tov, and left them in the water still in the net,
where they would not have deteriorated (See also Tosfos DH 'Ein Tzadin').
(c) Even those who permit preparing food for animals on Yom-Tov agree that
one may not feed fish - because the fish can feed themselves on the
vegetation that grows on the river-bed, on the earth or even by eating
smaller fish.
10)
(a) In spite of the fact that catching fish from a Bibar is forbidden on
Yom-Tov, catching wild animals and birds is permitted - because they are
already considered caught, and taking them from there is not considered a
Melachah.
(b) Although feeding them in the summer, when there is normally plenty of
grass to satisfy their needs, ought to be forbidden - we are speaking in a
place where many people walk, spoiling the animals' feeding-ground and
depriving them of their basic food.
(c) Raban Shimon ben Gamliel says that not all enclosures are the same - if
the animal lacks trapping, then it is forbidden to catch it; if it does not,
it is permitted.
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