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1) WHEN IS A WIFE OBLIGED TO NURSE?

(a) If she ate eggs, the children will have big eyes; if she ate fish, the children will have grace in the eyes of people; if she ate celery, the children will be radiant; if she ate coriander, the children will be stout; if she ate Esrog, the children will be fragrant.

1. Shvor Malka's wife ate Esrog; when Shvor Malka wanted to smell fragrances, the first thing they would bring was his daughter.

(b) (Rav Huna): If she wants to nurse, and her husband objects, she may nurse - it pains her not to nurse;
(c) Question (Rav Huna Bar Chinena): If he wants her to nurse, and she does not want to, what is the law?

1. If it is not the custom of her family to nurse, she need not nurse.
2. If it is the custom of her family to nurse, but not his family, what is the law?

i. Do we go after his family, or after hers?

(d) Answer (Rav Huna - Beraisa): She goes up with him (in matters of honor) and does not descend with him.

1. (Rav Huna): This is learned from 'Be'ulas Ba'al', which can be read 'b'Olas Ba'al', in the elevation of her husband.
2. (R. Elazar): We can learn from "She was the mother of all living" - (motherhood, which includes nursing) was given for life, not for pain.

(a) (Mishnah): If she brought a slave into the marriage ...
(b) We see, she must do the other chores.

1. Question: Why is she not exempt from all chores - let her say, I brought a woman in my place!
2. Answer: The husband responds, she will serve me and herself - who will serve you?

(c) (Mishnah): If she brought 2 slaves, she neither cooks nor nurses ...
(d) Question: Why is she not exempt from all chores - let her say, I brought 1 to serve me and herself, and one to serve you and herself!
(e) Answer: The husband responds, who will serve the guests?
(f) (Mishnah): If she brought 3 slaves she does not make the bed ...
(g) Question: Why is she not exempt from all chores - let her say, I brought another slave to serve the guests!
(h) Answer: The husband responds, when there are many in the house, there are more guests.
(i) Question: If so, this applies even by 4 slaves!
(j) Answer: Once there are many slaves, they help each other.
(k) (R. Chana): Even if she did not bring a slave into the marriage, rather property fitting to buy a slave, she is exempted from chores.

1. (Beraisa): Money she saved the husband (from what he must spend for her, such as cosmetics) is considered as if she entered it into the marriage.

(l) (Mishnah): If she brought 4 slaves, she sits in an easy chair ...
(m) (R. Yitzchak Bar Chananya): Nevertheless, she mixes his drink, sets his bed, and washes his hands, feet and face.
(n) (R. Yitzchak Bar Chananya): Whatever a wife does for a husband, a Nidah does, except for mixing his drink, setting his bed, and washing his hands, feet and face.

1. (Rava): Setting the bed is only forbidden in front of him.
2. Shmuel's wife would serve his drink unnaturally, with her left hand.

i. Abaye's wife would place it on top of a barrel.
ii. Rava's wife would place it at the head of his bed.
iii. Rav Papa's wife would place it on a bench.

(a) (R. Yitzchak Bar Chananya): One may delay letting a servant taste any food except for meat and wine.

1. (Rav Chisda): This only applies to fatty meat and old wine.
2. (Rava): Fatty meat applies all year; old wine applies only in summer.

(b) (Rav Anan Bar Tachlifa): I was standing in front of Shmuel, and they brought him a mushroom dish. Had I not been given to taste, I would have been in danger.
(c) (Rav Ashi): I was standing in front of Rav Kahana, and they brought him sliced turnips in vinegar. Had I not been given to taste, I would have been in danger.

1. (Rav Papa): Even fat dates can pose a danger.
2. The rule is - anything with smell or vinegar must be tasted.

(d) Avuha Bar Ihi and Minyamin Bar Ihi - one allowed his servant to taste all the dishes right away, the other let him eat one now, and taste the rest after the meal. Eliyahu would only speak with the former.
(e) 2 Chasidim - some say, they were Rav Mari and Rav Pinchus, sons of Rav Chisda - Avuha Bar Ihi and Minyamin Bar Ihi - one allowed his servant to taste before himself, the other, after the guests left. Eliyahu would only speak with the former.
(f) Ameimar, Mar Zutra and Rav Ashi were sitting at the doorway of King Azgor. The king's waiters passed, carrying his meal. Rav Ashi saw that Mar Zutra turned pale.

(g) Rav Ashi stuck his finger in the food and put it to his mouth.

1. Waiters: You ruined his meal!
2. Officers: Why did you do that?
3. Rav Ashi: People that do thusly, are not fit to prepare food for the king.
4. Officers: Why not?
5. Rav Ashi: It contains leprous pork!
6. They checked the food, and did not find this to be so. Rav Ashi took the cook's finger and stuck it on a piece. 'Did you check this?'
7. They checked, and found that it was leprous.
8. Chachamim to Rav Ashi: Why did you rely on a miracle?
9. Rav Ashi: I saw a spirit of leprosy above Mar Zutra.

(h) A man proposed to engage a woman; she refused. He brought a pomegranate, split it open and was eating it in front of her. She salivated, and swallowed her saliva. He did not give her; she became very sick and inflated.

1. Man: If I cure you, will you marry me?
2. She agreed. He brought a pomegranate, split it open and was eating it in front of her. She salivated; he told her to spit out, until green came out of her, and she was cured.

(a) (Mishnah): She spins wool ...
(b) She spins wool, but not linen - the Mishnah is as R. Yehudah.

1. (Beraisa): He cannot force her to stand in front of his father or son, nor to give straw to his animals, but he can force her to give straw to his cattle;

2. R. Yehudah says, he can't even force her to spin linen, since it ruins the mouth and elongates the lips.

i. This only applies to Roman linen.

(c) (Mishnah - R. Eliezer): Even if she brings 100 slaves ...
(d) (Rav Malkiyo): The law is as R. Eliezer.
(e) (R. Chanina): The teachings regarding the roasting spit, slaves and hair follicles were said by Rav Malkiyo;

1. Rav Malkiya said the teachings of Bloris (a pagan rite of letting hair grow very long), ashes and cheese.

(f) (Rav Papa): Teachings relevant to Mishnayos were said by Rav Malkiya;

1. Teachings relevant to Amoraic teachings were said by Rav Malkiyo.
2. The way to remember this - the Mishnayos are Malkesa (queen).

(g) (Mishnah): R. Shimon Ben Gamliel says ...
(h) Question: R. Eliezer also said, she must spin wool!
(i) Answer: They differ regarding playing with small dogs and chess (these will lead to immorality, but not to insanity).

(a) (Mishnah): One who takes a vow forbidding relations with his wife - Beis Shamai say, up to 2 weeks, he may stay married; beyond this, he must divorce her and pay her Kesuvah;
(b) Beis Hillel say, up to 1 week, he may stay married; beyond this, he must divorce her and pay her Kesuvah;
(c) Chachamim may go to learn for 30 days without permission; workers, for 1 week;
(d) R. Eliezer says, the Torah obligates a man to have relations with his wife based on his occupation. Idle men - daily; workers - twice a week; donkey-drivers - weekly; camel-drivers - monthly; shipdrivers - once in 6 months.
(e) (Gemara) Question: Why do Beis Shamai and Beis Hillel argue?
(f) Answer #1: Beis Shamai learn from a woman that gives birth to a daughter - she may not have relations for 2 weeks; Beis Hillel learn from one who has a boy, she is forbidden for 1 week.

1. Objection: Beis Hillel should also learn from the birth of a girl, sometimes a woman is forbidden for 2 weeks!
2. Retraction: True - if Beis Hillel learned from one who gave birth, they would learn as Beis Shamai.

(g) Answer #2: Beis Hillel learn from Nidah.

1. Beis Hillel learn what is common (vows result from anger, which is common) from what is common; Beis Shamai learn what results from the man (the vow) from birth, which is due to the man.

(h) (Rav): They argue when he specified the duration of the vow - by a Stam (unspecified) vow, all agree he must immediately divorce her and pay a Kesuvah.
(i) (Shmuel): Even by a Stam vow, she must wait 1 or 2 weeks, perhaps he will find an opening to annul his vow.
(j) Question: Rav and Shmuel already argued similarly!

1. (Mishnah): One who vows that his wife should not benefit from him - up to 30 days, he gets someone to finance her; beyond this, he must divorce her and pay her Kesuvah.

i. (Rav): This applies when he specified the duration of the vow - by a Stam vow, he must immediately divorce her and pay a Kesuvah.
ii. (Shmuel): Even by a Stam vow, she must wait 30 days, perhaps he will find an opening to annul his vow.

(k) Answer: It is necessary to teach the argument of Rav and Shmuel in both places.

1. If it was only taught here - we would say, here Rav says he must immediately divorce her (by a Stam vow) since no one can supply her in his place - but there, he would admit to Shmuel.
2. If it was only taught there - we would think, Shmuel only said there, to wait (since a third party can finance her), but here he would admit to Rav.

(l) (Mishnah): Chachamim can go to learn ...
(m) Question: If they received permission - there is no limit how long they can learn!