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1) READING IN THE TORAH AND PROPHETS

(a) (Mishnah): In the prophets, one may read 3 verses at a time, before they are translated; if they are in different Parshas, they are read individually;
(b) We may skip while reading in the prophets, but not in Torah.
(c) One may only skip an amount that he can roll the Sefer to the new place before the translator finishes translating.
(d) (Gemara - Rav Asi): The 3 verses correspond to Torah, prophets, and Kesuvim.
(e) We find an example of 3 verses, each in a different Parsha, in Yeshayahu.
(f) (Mishnah): We may skip in the prophets, but not in Torah.

1. Question (Beraisa): The Kohen Gadol skipped when reading the Torah on Yom Kipur!
2. Answer#1 (Abaye): He may only skip within the time it takes the translator to translate.
3. Question: But this was taught (in the Mishnah) regarding the permission to skip in the prophets - this implies, such skipping is not allowed in Torah!
4. Answer#2 (Abaye): We may only skip in Torah within one subject.
5. Support (Beraisa): We can skip in Torah within 1 subject; in the prophets, to a 2nd subject; in both cases, we may not skip longer than it takes the translator to translate.

(g) (Beraisa): We may not skip from a prophet to a different prophet; within the 12 prophets, we may, but only in forwards order.

(a) (Mishnah): The one who usually reads Maftir is Pores Al Shma, Over Lifnei ha'Teivah, and says Birkas Kohanim;
(b) If he is a child, his father or Rebbe Over Lifnei ha'Teivah in his place.
(c) A child may read the Torah and translate, but he may not Pores Al Shma, Over Lifnei ha'Teivah, nor give Birkas Kohanim.
(d) One whose clothing is torn may Pores Al Shma or translate, but he may not read in the Torah, Over Lifnei ha'Teivah, nor give Birkas Kohanim.
(e) A blind person may Pores Al Shma or translate; R. Yehuda says that if he has never sun the luminaries, he may not Pores Al Shma.
(f) (Gemara): Why does the Maftir Over Lifnei ha'Teivah?
(g) Answer#1 (Rav Papa): To honor him.
(h) Answer#2 (Rabah Bar Simi): To avoid fights.

1. In a place where the Chazan is not paid, honor still applies, but people would not fight to Over Lifnei ha'Teivah.

(i) (Mishnah): If he is a child, his father or Rebbe go in his place.

1. Question: If the reason is fights - a child will not fight!
2. Counter-question: Nor are we concerned to honor a child!
3. You must answer, we want to honor the father or Rebbe.

4. Similarly, we can say, we are concerned that his father or Rebbe will fight!

(j) Question (Ula Bar Rav): May a child with torn clothing read the Torah?
(k) (Abaye): Why don't you ask about an unclothed person?

1. Clearly, this is a disgrace to the congregation. The same applies to a child with torn clothing!

(l) (Mishnah): R. Yehuda says, one who has never seen the luminaries may not Pores Al Shma.

1. (Beraisa): They said to R. Yehuda, many were able to expound on the (Heavenly) chariot, even though they never saw it!
2. R. Yehuda: That depends on understanding; but to bless on the luminaries, one must derive benefit from them!
3. Chachamim hold as R. Yosi - a blind person benefits from light, since it enables other people to warn him about pitfalls.

(a) (Mishnah): A Kohen who has blemishes on his hands may not Duchan. R. Yehuda says, even if his hands are dyed, because people look at him.
(b) (Gemara - Beraisa): Blemishes on hands, feet and face disqualify a Kohen from blessing.
(c) (R. Yehoshua Ben Levi and Beraisa): One whose hands have white patches may not bless.
(d) (Beraisa): One whose hands are bent or twisted may not bless.
(e) (Rav Asi): One who cannot pronounce the letters correctly may not bless.
(f) (Beraisa): People that cannot say the letters properly may not Over Lifnei ha'Teivah.

1. R. Chiya told R. Shimon Bar Rebbe: If you were a Levi, your deep voice would disqualify you.

(g) Rav Huna: One whose eyes drip tears may not bless.

1. Question: Such a person did bless in Rav Huna's area!

(h) Answer: People were used to him. A Beraisa explicitly says that in such a case, he may bless.
(i) (R. Yochanan): Someone blind in one eye may not bless.

1. Question: Such a person did bless in R. Yochanan's area!

(j) Answer: People were used to him. A Beraisa explicitly says that in such a case, he may bless.
(k) (Beraisa): R. Yehuda admits, if most people in the city work with dye, dyed hands do not disqualify a Kohen from blessing.

(a) (Mishnah): One who says that he will not Over Lifnei ha'Teivah in colored clothing or sandals may not Over Lifnei ha'Teivah, even if he changes clothing or removes his sandals;
(b) One who wears round Tefilin is not Yotzai, and he endangers himself. Wearing it on his forehead, or the palm of his hand is the way of heretics. To cover it with gold and put it on the sleeve is the way of outsiders.
(c) (Gemara - Question): Why may he not be Chazan?
(d) Answer: We are concerned that he is a heretic.
(e) (Mishnah): One is not Yotzai with round Tefilin.
(f) Suggestion: The Mishnah teaches as a Beraisa which says that a tradition from Sinai requires that Tefilin be square.

1. (Rava): One must preserve the squareness when sewing them; the diagonal must be l 2/5 times the side.

(g) Rejection (Rav Papa): There is no proof - the Mishnah could be a case where they are egg-shaped.