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2) BY-PRODUCTS

(a) (Mishnah): One who vows from dates is permitted date honey; one who vows from Stavaniyos (bad grapes that do not ripen) is permitted vinegar made from such grapes;
(b) R. Yehudah Ben Beseirah says, one who vows from a food is forbidden any derivative called on the name of that food; Chachamim permit.
(c) (Gemara) Question: How do Chachamim and the 1st Tana argue?
(d) Answer: They argue regarding the distinction R. Shimon Ben Elazar makes.

1. (Beraisa - R. Shimon Ben Elazar): Any food that is normally eaten, and it is normal to eat a derivative - such as dates and date honey - one who vows from the food is forbidden to have the derivative;

i. One who vows from the derivative is forbidden to have the food;

2. Any food that is not normally eaten, and it is normal to eat a derivative (e.g. bad grapes and vinegar made from them), one who vows from the food is only forbidden to have the derivative, for this was his intention.

i. {Ran - The 1st Tana holds, by any food, one who vows from the food is permitted to have derivatives;

A. Chachamim hold as R. Shimon Ben Elazar, one who vows from a food not normally eaten is only forbidden to have the derivative;

ii. Tosfos (Rabeinu Meir) - The 1st Tana holds, even by a food not normally eaten, one who vows from the food is only forbidden to have the food;

A. Chachamim hold as R. Shimon Ben Elazar, he is only forbidden to have the derivative;

iii. Tosfos (another explanation) - bad grapes are considered to be a food not normally eaten; but something not normally eaten (e.g. bees), one who vows from it is forbidden in it and its derivative (bee's honey);

A. Chachamim hold as R. Shimon Ben Elazar, he is only forbidden to have the derivative.}

(a) (Mishnah): One who vows from wine is permitted to have apple wine; one who vows from oil/honey/vinegar is permitted to have sesame oil/date honey/vinegar of bad grapes;
(b) One who vows from leeks is permitted to have Kaplutos (large leeks); one who vows from vegetables is permitted to have vegetables of the field, for this is an accompanying name.
(c) (Gemara): In Eretz Yisrael, one who vows from oil is permitted sesame oil and forbidden to have olive oil; in Bavel, it is vice-versa;

1. In a place where both are used, he is forbidden in both.

(d) Objection: This is obvious!
(e) Answer: We need to hear this is a place where one of them is used more.

1. One might have thought, we go after the majority usage - we hear, this is not so, since there is a doubt, we are stringent.

(f) One who vows from vegetables in a non-Shemitah year is forbidden to have garden vegetables, and is permitted vegetables of the field;

1. In Shemitah, he is forbidden to have vegetables of the field, and is permitted garden vegetables.

(g) (R. Avahu): This is only in a place where vegetables are not brought from Chutz La'aretz; in a place where vegetables are imported (in Shemitah), he is forbidden (Ran - also; Tosfos - only) in garden vegetables.

1. Tana'im argue on the permissibility of importing vegetables.
2. (Beraisa): We may not import vegetables from Chutz La'aretz; R. Chananyah Ben Gamliel permits.

(h) (R. Yirmiyah): The 1st Tana forbids, lest a Tamei clod of dirt will be brought in with the vegetables.

(a) (Mishnah): One who vows from cabbage is forbidden Aspargus (a type of cabbage); one who vows from Aspargus is permitted (other types of) cabbage;
(b) One who vows from groats (pounded beans) is forbidden to have porridge; R. Yosi permits;

1. One who vows from porridge is permitted to have groats;
2. One who vows from porridge is forbidden to have garlic; R. Yosi permits;

(c) One who vows from lentils is forbidden to have Ashishim (the waste by-product of lentils); R. Yosi permits;

1. One who vows from Ashishim is permitted to have lentils.

(d) 'Wheat, wheats I will not taste' - he is forbidden both in wheat flour and bread;
(e) 'Groat, groats I will not taste' - he is forbidden both in raw and cooked groats;

1. R. Yehudah says, if he says 'Groat or wheat is forbidden to me', he may eat them raw.

(f) (Gemara - Beraisa - R. Shimon Ben Gamliel): 'I will not taste wheat (or groat)' - he may not have baked wheat (or cooked groat), but he may eat it raw;

1. 'I will not taste wheats (groats)' - he may not eat them raw, but he may have it baked (cooked);
2. 'Wheat, wheats (groat, groats) I will not taste' - he may not have neither raw nor baked (cooked).