Please note that unless otherwise indicated, we follow the explanation of Rashi. Consequently, our notes and comments do not necessarily have any bearing on the practical Halachah.

1)

(a) Our Mishnah teaches us that Diynei Mamonos require three Dayanim (this will be explained later), and so do Gezeilos and Chavalos.
What constitutes Gezeilos? What is the basic difference between Gezel and not paying back a loan?

(b) What do Nezek ... Tashlumei Kefel ... ha'Ones ... u'Motzi-Shem-Ra have in common, according to Rebbi Meir?

(c) In which case do the Chachamim disagree with Rebbi Meir? What is their reason?

(d) The Tana Kama includes Malkos in the list that require three Dayanim.
What does Rebbi Yishmael say?

(a) According to Rebbi Meir, Ibur ha'Chodesh and Ibur ha'Shanah require three Dayanim, too. What is 'Ibur ha'Shanah'?

(b) What does Raban Shimon ben Gamliel say?

(c) What will be the Din according to him, if they concluded with three and declared a leap-year?

(a) The Tana continues 'Semichas Zekeinim va'Arifas Eglah (Arufah) bi'Sheloshah, Divrei Rebbi Shimon'.
What is 'Semichas Zekeinim'?

(b) What does Rebbi Yehudah say?

(c) 'ha'Chalitzah u'Miy'unin ... Neta Revai u'Ma'aser Sheini she'Ein Damav Yedu'in, bi'Sheloshah.
What is ...

1. ... 'Miy'unin'? What is its source?
2. ... 'Neta Revai u'Ma'aser Sheini' (in this context)? Why should they require three Dayanim?

(d) 'ha'Hekdeshos bi'Sheloshah ... ha'Erchin ha'Metaltelin bi'Sheloshah'.
What ...

1. ... does Rebbi Yehudah say? What is his reason?
2. ... is the Halachah regarding Hekdesh of Karka'os ...
3. ... or Adam (which will be explained in the Sugya)?

(a) The death-penalty requires a Sanhedrin of twenty-three. What do we learn from the Pasuk ...

1. ... in Kedoshim "Ve'haragta es ha'Ishah ve'es ha'Beheimah ... ve'es ha'Beheimah Taharogu"?
2. ... in Mishpatim "ha'Shor Yisakel ve'Gam Be'alav Yamus"?

(b) The Tana Kama requires twenty-three judges to put to death a wolf, a lion, a bear, a leopard and a Bard'les (possibly a panther). Rebbi Eliezer disagrees.
What does ...

1. ... *he* say?
2. ... Rebbi Akiva say?

(a) What do judging a tribe, a false prophet and a Kohen Gadol have in common?

(b) What is a Milchemes ha'Reshus?

(c) What do going out to a Milchemes ha'Reshus, adding to Yerushalayim or the Azaros, appointing a Sanhedrin for each city and judging an Ir ha'Nidachas (a city most of whose residents served idols) have in common?

(a) In which location can a city not become an Ir ha'Nidachas?

(b) What is the maximum number of cities that can be declared an Ir ha'Nidachas at one time?

(c) From where do we learn that the Sanhedrin ha'Gadol consisted of seventy-one judges?

(d) What does Rebbi Yehudah say?

(a) What do we learn from the Pasuk ...

1. ... in Mas'ei "ve'Shaftu ha'Eidah ... ve'Hitzilu ha'Eidah"?
2. ... in Korach "Ad Masai la'Eidah ha'Ra'ah ha'Zos"?
3. ... in Mishpatim "Lo Sih'yeh Acharei Rabim le'Raos"?
4. ... in Mishpatim "Lo Sih'yeh Acharei Rabim le'Hatos"?

(b) From where do we then learn the twenty-third judge?

(c) If the Tana Kama requires one hundred and twenty residents to qualify for a Sanhedrin, how many does Rebbi Yehudah require?

(d) What is his reason?

8)

(a) We learned in our Mishnah 'Diynei Mamonos bi'Sheloshah, Gezeilos va'Chavalos bi'Sheloshah'.
What is the problem with this?

(b) Initially, Rebbi Avahu answers, the latter comes to qualify the former. What does it then come to preclude? Why is that?

(c) What is the difference between Hoda'os and Halva'os?

(d) On what grounds do we reject the explanation that defines them as 'partial admission' to the loan and 'total denial' respectively?

(a) Having stated ...

1. ... 'Diynei Mamonos', why did the Tana find it necessary to add 'Gezeilos va'Chavalos'?
2. ... 'Gezeilos va'Chavalos', why did he find it necessary to add 'Diynei Mamonos'?

(b) What do we learn from the Pasuk in Mishpatim (in connection with Gezeilos) "ve'Nikrav Ba'al ha'Bayis el ha'Elohim" (plus two other similar Pesukim)?

(c) And where does the Torah mention this in connection with Chavalos?

(a) What did Rebbi Avahu say about two judges who judged money-matters?

(b) So what are we then referring to when we preclude Hoda'os ve'Halva'os from the Din that applies to Gezeilos and Chavalos?

(a) What do we learn from the Pasuk in Mishpatim "Ki Hu Zeh" (in connection with a Shomer Chinam)

(b) Some opinions apply Eiruv Parshiyos to this Pasuk.
What are the ramifications of doing that?

(c) What problem will we now be faced with, regarding our distinction between the Din of three judges and the Din of experts, assuming that our Tana ...

1. ... holds of Eiruv Parshiyos?
2. ... does not hold of it?

(a) We answer that really he does hold of Eiruv Parshiyos, and the reason that Hoda'os and Halva'os do not need experts is based on a statement of Rebbi Chanina. What does Rebbi Chanina learn from the Pasuk in Emor "Mishpat Echad Yih'yeh Lachem"?

(b) Then why did the Chachamim negate the need for D'rishah va'Chakirah with regard to money-matters?

(c) So how does that resolve our problem?

(d) Bearing in mind that judges who judge with the sanction of the Chachamim (such as experts), are absolved from having to pay, should they err in their ruling, why are they Chayav to pay, like any other layman (who judge without the Chachamim's sanction)?

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