| Adam | the first human creation |
| alos hashachar | day break-when the rays of light are seen in the corners on the horizon |
| amah or amos | cubit--18 to 24inches |
| amud | the place where the cantor stands--sometimes referring to the cantor himself |
| anos | forced-not on your own free will |
| bideeved | if done already |
| bracha or brachos | a blessing or blessings |
| baruch sheamar | the blessing before pisukei dzimra |
| bar mitzvah | a thirteen year old male who is then obligated in mitzvohs |
| bikurim | the mitzvah of brining the first fruits to the bais hamikdash as a korban |
| challah | a part of a large dough is given to a cohen |
| chazan | cantor for a group |
| cohein gadol | the highest priest |
| cubit | amah |
| custom | commonly done practice |
| damai | the rabbis saw that some amai haretz were not taking off maaser,maaser sheni and trumas maaser so they said if you take from them you must take off the tithes |
| David | King of Yisrael-first in his lineage |
| dibros | commandments (as in the Ten Commandments) |
| eved canaani | a non-jewish slave |
| grains | the five species--wheat,barely,oats,rye,spelt |
| hamelech | the king |
| hefker | not belonging to anyone |
| hours | jewish hours are calculated by taking the differance betwen the sunrise and sunset and dividing by twelve or or the night from sunset to dawn divided by twelve |
| kaddish | a prayer only in public for returning the glory of the lord |
| kav | 1/6 of a saah (approximately 2 liters) |
| kesubah | a marriage contract |
| kiddush | the blessing Friday evening said on wine in honor of the Sabbath |
| kinyan agav or agav | a way to possess objects: claiming objects by taking ownership of a piece of land |
| leket | fruit that falls in the field that most go the poor |
| meduma | when a tithe falls into regular pile,it has it's own laws when it can be eaten |
| mincha | a flour offering in the bais hamikdash or the afternoon prayers |
| miakeiv | must absolutely be done |
| maariv | the evening services |
| maaser | there are three types of maaser
(tithe) taken from fruit 1-maaser rishone- 1/10 given to a levi 2-maaser sheini-1/10 brought to be eaten in Jerusalem 3-maaser ani- 1/10 that goes to a poor person |
| michuyav | obligated |
| midrash or medrash | explanations on biblical text usually aggadic by tanaim and later |
| mida or midos | singular or plural of human characteristics |
| mishna | codes of law said by Tanaim and written by Rebbe |
| netz | sunrise |
| patur | not obligated |
| peah | the mitzvah to leave an end of a field for the poor |
| pesukei dzimra | sentences of song--said before the blessings of shema |
| posuk or pesukim | a sentence or sentences |
| pruzbal | a contract that lets you collect money after the seventh year |
| saah | 6 kavs |
| schichiv mara | one who is dying from a sickness |
| sefer torah | scroll of the five books of Moshe |
| shaliach tzibbur | a messenger of a group usually to pray |
| shemone esrei | the prayer of eighteen benedictions said three times aday |
| shikha | fruits that were forgotten in the field that most go to the poor |
| shema | commonly referred as the two parshios said in the prayers starting from shema |
| talmud chacham | a man knowledgeable in Torah works |
| talis | prayer shawl |
| Tanaim | the scholars of the second temple |
| tevah | the way nature works |
| tithes | look at trumah and maaser |
| trumah | 1/50 of a field given to the cohein and then trumah maaser 1/10 given by the levi to the cohein |
| tzibbur | a group of people usually at least ten |
| Yishtabach | the bracha at the end of pesukie dzimra |
| yotze | accomplished the mitzvah that you had to do |
| zimun | a group of at least three men who ate a meal together |