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1) HADRIYANI EARTHENWARE

(a) (Mishnah): Hadriyani earthenware...
(b) Question: What is this?
(c) Answer (Rav Yehudah): Earthenware of Hadriyanus Keisar.
(d) (Rav Dimi): They grow vines in virgin soil (that was never farmed), make wine from the grapes, soak earthenware in the wine, and it absorbs the wine. They break the vessels and take the shards; when they want wine, they soak the shards in water, wine exudes.

1. (R. Yehoshua ben Levi): The third time they soak them, the resulting wine is as good as our best quality wine!

(e) Question: May one use these shards to support a bed?

1. May one use something which contains something forbidden to benefit from, if he does not benefit from the forbidden matter?

(f) Answer #1: R. Elazar and R. Yochanan argued about this, one permitted, one forbade (the Halachah follows the one who forbids - some delete this from the text).
(g) Question (against the one who permits - Beraisa #1): Small flasks and leather pouches of Nochrim, and wine of a Yisrael was put in them - one may not drink the wine, it is permitted to benefit from them;

1. Shimon ben Guda testified in front of R. Gamliel's son that R. Gamliel drank from it in Ako; they did not agree to this.
2. R. Shimon ben Gamliel says (in the name of) R. Yehoshua ben Kafosai that it is forbidden to make a saddle out of pouches of Nochrim.
3. The Beraisa forbids using the pouch, even in a way that he will not benefit from the wine!
4. {Counter-question: If so, the bottles should also be forbidden! - Tosfos deletes this from the text.}

(h) Answer (Rava): It is a decree not to make a saddle out of the pouches, lest a pouch (of the Yisrael) break and he will tear off part of the saddle to patch it (and the Nochri wine from the saddle will enter the Yisrael's wine).
(i) Question: According to the opinion that it is forbidden to benefit (even without benefiting from the forbidden matter), why is Hadriyani earthenware forbidden, but bottles are permitted?
(j) Answer: Regarding Hadriyani earthenware, the forbidden wine is intact (through soaking, one gets proper wine); wine absorbed in bottles cannot be recovered by itself (it can only give taste to something).
(k) (Beraisa): They did not agree to this.
(l) Contradiction (Beraisa #2): Wine put in pouches of Nochrim - one may not drink the wine, it is permitted to benefit from them;

1. Shimon ben Gude'a testified in front of R. Gamliel's son that R. Gamliel drank from it in Ako; they agreed to this.

(m) Answer #1: (In Beraisa #1) all his colleagues did not agree, but his son agreed.
(n) Answer #2: Shimon ben *Goda* is not Shimon ben *Gude'a* - when the latter testified, they agreed.

(a) (Mishnah): Hides with a hole near the heart.
(b) (Beraisa): A hide with a hole (like a window) near the heart (from which the heart could be removed), and there is a crust of blood, it is forbidden;

1. If not, it is permitted.

(c) (Rav Huna): This is only if the hide was not salted;

1. If it was salted, it is forbidden, perhaps there was a crust and the salt removed it.

(d) (Mishnah): R. Shimon ben Gamliel says, if the hole is round it is forbidden, if it is long and narrow, it is permitted.
(e) (Rav Yosef): The Halachah follows R. Shimon ben Gamliel.

1. Inference (Abaye): This implies that Chachamim argue with him!
2. Rav Yosef: What difference does it make (in any case, the Halachah follows R. Shimon)!
3. Abaye: Should we recite teachings (that are not needed,) like a song?!

(f) (Mishnah - R. Akiva): Meat being taken to (where they serve) idolatry is permitted.
(g) Question: As whom does R. Akiva hold?
(h) Answer (R. Chiya bar Aba): He argues with R. Eliezer, who says that everything a Nochri does (Tosfos - slaughters) is for the sake of idolatry.
(i) (Mishnah - R. Akiva): What is taken from it is forbidden, for it is like something sacrificed to idolatry.
(j) Question: What is the reason?
(k) Answer: Surely, it was offered to idolatry; R. Akiva holds like R. Yehudah ben Beseira.

1. (R. Yehudah ben Beseira): Something offered to idolatry imparts Tuma to an Ohel - "...Va'Yochelu Zivchei Mesim" - just as a corpse imparts Tuma to an Ohel, also what is offered to idolatry.